Sindbis virus 11034 Encephalitis Sindbis Virus (SINV) is a member of the Togaviridae family, in the alphavirus subfamily. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes. Sindbis fever is most common in South and East Africa, Egypt, Israel, Philippines and parts of Australia. Sindbis virus is an "arbovirus" (arthropod-borne) and is maintained in nature by transmission between vertebrate (bird) hosts and invertebrate (mosquito) vectors. Sindbis viruses are enveloped particles with an icosahedral capsid. Its genome is a single stranded RNA approximately 11.7kb long. It has a 5' cap and 3' polyadenylated tail therefore serves directly as messenger RNA (mRNA) in a host cell. The genome encodes four non-structural proteins at the 5' end and the capsid and two envelope proteins at the 3' end. Replication is cytoplasmic and rapid. The genomic RNA is partially translated at the 5’ end to produce the non-structural proteins which are then involved in genome replication and the production of new genomic RNA and a shorter sub-genomic RNA strand. This sub-genomic strand is translated into the structural proteins. The viruses assemble at the host cell surfaces and acquire their envelope through budding. A non-coding RNA element has been found to be essential for Sindbis virus genome replication (Wikipedia - Sindbis virus). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Sindbis virus DNA vaccine encoding E2 VO_0004491 DNA vaccine Research pCI-neo vector (Promega) [Ref2428:Zanin et al., 2007] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction Vector pCI-neo expressed the SV E2 gene with an upstream Kozak sequence and a downstream FLAG tag (Zanin et al., 2007). VO_0000286 This vaccination strategy was immunogenic and provided partial protection against viral encephalitis in a murine model (Zanin et al., 2007). E2 Sindbis virus 20257395 CDD:279311 11034 ? polyprotein 8.76 14816.73 189 Alphavirus E2 glycoprotein; pfam00943 >AAM15875.1 polyprotein, partial [Sindbis virus] KPPSGKNITYECKCGDYKTATVSVRTEIAGCTAIKQCVAYKSDQTKWVFNSPDLIRHADHTAQGKLHLPF KPTLSTCLVPLAHEPTVTHGFKHISLHLDTDHPTLLTTRRLGEKPEPTSEWISGKTVRNFTVDRDGL Protective antigen Wikipedia - Sindbis virus website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindbis_virus