<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<VIOLIN>
	<pathogen pathogen_id="pathogen232">
		<pathogen_name>Hepatitis E virus</pathogen_name>
		<taxon_id>12461</taxon_id>
		<pathogenesis refs=""></pathogenesis>
		<disease_name>Hepatitis E</disease_name>
		<protective_immunity refs=""></protective_immunity>
		<host_range refs=""></host_range>
		<introduction refs="reference2758">Hepatitis E is a serious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) that usually results in an acute infection. It does not lead to a chronic infection. While rare in the United States, Hepatitis E is common in many parts of the world. Transmission: Ingestion of fecal matter, even in microscopic amounts; outbreaks are usually associated with contaminated water supply in countries with poor sanitation (CDC - Hepatitis E).</introduction>
	</pathogen>

	<host host_id="host55">
		<common_name>Baboon</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Papio cynocephalus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9556</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host43">
		<common_name>Bank vole</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Clethrionomys glareolus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>447135</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host31">
		<common_name>Bear</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Ursus americanus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9643</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host51">
		<common_name>Birds</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Passeroidea</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>175121</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host35">
		<common_name>Brown Trout</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Salmo trutta</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>8032</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host30">
		<common_name>Buffalo</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Bison bison</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9901</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host53">
		<common_name>Carnivores</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Vulpes</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9625</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host37">
		<common_name>Cat</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Felis catus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9685</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host52">
		<common_name>Catfishes</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Siluriformes</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>7995</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host12">
		<common_name>Cattle</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Bos taurus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9913</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host8">
		<common_name>Chicken</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Gallus gallus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9031</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host42">
		<common_name>Chimpanzee</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Pan troglodytes</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9598</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host26">
		<common_name>chinchillas</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Chinchillidae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10150</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host24">
		<common_name>Copper Pheasant</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Syrmaticus soemmerringii</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9067</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host29">
		<common_name>Deer</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Cervus elaphus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9860</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host32">
		<common_name>Deer mouse</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Peromyscus maniculatus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10042</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host36">
		<common_name>Dog</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Canis familiaris</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9615</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host9">
		<common_name>Ducks</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Anas</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>8835</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host19">
		<common_name>Ferret</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Mustela putorius furo</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9669</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host48">
		<common_name>Fish</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Hyperotreti</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>117565</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host41">
		<common_name>Gerbil</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Gerbillina</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10045</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host13">
		<common_name>Goat</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Capra hircus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9925</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host47">
		<common_name>Gray wolf</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Canis lupus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9612</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host7">
		<common_name>Guinea pig</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Cavia porcellus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10141</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host16">
		<common_name>Hamster</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Mesocricetus auratus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10036</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host18">
		<common_name>Horse</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Equus caballus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9796</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host2">
		<common_name>Human</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Homo sapiens</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9606</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host39">
		<common_name>Macaque</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Macaca fascicularis</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9541</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host40">
		<common_name>Mongolian Gerbil</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Meriones unguiculatus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10047</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host5">
		<common_name>Monkey</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Platyrrhini</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9479</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host3">
		<common_name>Mouse</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Mus musculus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10090</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host59">
		<common_name>None</common_name>
		<scientific_name>None</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id></taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host50">
		<common_name>Parrot</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Psittacidae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9224</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host15">
		<common_name>Pig</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Sus scrofa</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9823</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host6">
		<common_name>Rabbit</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Oryctolagus cuniculus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9986</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host45">
		<common_name>Rainbow trout</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Oncorhynchus mykiss</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>8022</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host4">
		<common_name>Rat</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Rattus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10114</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host34">
		<common_name>Raven</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Corvus corax</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>56781</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host54">
		<common_name>sei whale</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Balaenoptera borealis</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9768</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host17">
		<common_name>Sheep</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Ovis aries</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9940</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host28">
		<common_name>Squirrel</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Spermophilus richardsonii</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>37591</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host44">
		<common_name>Tree shrew</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Tupaiidae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9393</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host49">
		<common_name>Trouts, salmons & chars</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Salmoninae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>504568</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host38">
		<common_name>Turkey</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Meleagris gallopavo</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9103</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host33">
		<common_name>Vole</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Microtus ochrogaster</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>79684</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host27">
		<common_name>Water buffalo</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Bubalus bubalis</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>391902</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<vaccine vaccine_id="vaccine6862">
		<vaccine_name>licensed Hepatitis E human vaccine</vaccine_name>
		<proper_name></proper_name>
		<brand_name>Generic</brand_name>
		<manufacturer>Unknown</manufacturer>
		<vo_id>VO_0006017</vo_id>
		<type>Subunit vaccine</type>
		<status>Licensed</status>
		<vector></vector>
		<route></route>
		<location_licensed></location_licensed>
		<description refs="">A generic representation of vaccines utilized to prevent Hepatitis E infection in humans, most commonly based on recombinant subunit technology using the HEV capsid protein. These vaccines provide immunity by exposing the immune system to purified viral antigens without the use of live or whole virus.</description>
		<adjuvant refs=""></adjuvant>
		<storage refs=""></storage>
		<virulence refs=""></virulence>
		<preparation refs=""></preparation>
		<route refs=""></route>
		<antigen refs=""></antigen>
	</vaccine>
	<reference reference_id="reference5005">
		<reference_name>Al-Ayoubi et al., 2018</reference_name>
		<reference_type>journal</reference_type>
		<authors>Al-Ayoubi J, Behrendt P, Bremer B, Suneetha PV, Gisa A, Rinker F, Manns MP, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H, Kraft ARM</authors>
		<title>Hepatitis E virus ORF 1 induces proliferative and functional T-cell responses in patients with ongoing and resolved hepatitis E</title>
		<year>2018</year>
		<volume>38</volume>
		<issue>2</issue>
		<pages>266-277</pages>
		<journal_book_name>Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver</journal_book_name>
		<publisher></publisher>
		<publisher_location></publisher_location>
		<book_editors></book_editors>
		<isbn></isbn>
		<university></university>
		<university_location></university_location>
		<degree></degree>
		<url></url>
		<file_name></file_name>
	</reference>
	<reference reference_id="reference2758">
		<reference_name>CDC - Hepatitis E</reference_name>
		<reference_type>website</reference_type>
		<authors></authors>
		<title>Hepatitis E Information for Health Professionals</title>
		<year></year>
		<volume></volume>
		<issue></issue>
		<pages></pages>
		<journal_book_name></journal_book_name>
		<publisher></publisher>
		<publisher_location></publisher_location>
		<book_editors></book_editors>
		<isbn></isbn>
		<university></university>
		<university_location></university_location>
		<degree></degree>
		<url>http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HEV/</url>
		<file_name></file_name>
	</reference>
	<reference reference_id="reference2385">
		<reference_name>He et al., 1997</reference_name>
		<reference_type>journal</reference_type>
		<authors>He J, Hoffman SL, Hayes CG</authors>
		<title>DNA inoculation with a plasmid vector carrying the hepatitis E virus structural protein gene induces immune response in mice</title>
		<year>1997</year>
		<volume>15</volume>
		<issue>4</issue>
		<pages>357-362</pages>
		<journal_book_name>Vaccine</journal_book_name>
		<publisher></publisher>
		<publisher_location></publisher_location>
		<book_editors></book_editors>
		<isbn></isbn>
		<university></university>
		<university_location></university_location>
		<degree></degree>
		<url></url>
		<file_name></file_name>
	</reference>
	<reference reference_id="reference4993">
		<reference_name>Joshi and Arankalle, 2016</reference_name>
		<reference_type>journal</reference_type>
		<authors>Joshi SS, Arankalle VA</authors>
		<title>Differential Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with Recombinant Neutralizing Epitope Protein of Hepatitis E Virus Formulated with Liposome and Alum Adjuvants</title>
		<year>2016</year>
		<volume>29</volume>
		<issue>6</issue>
		<pages>350-360</pages>
		<journal_book_name>Viral immunology</journal_book_name>
		<publisher></publisher>
		<publisher_location></publisher_location>
		<book_editors></book_editors>
		<isbn></isbn>
		<university></university>
		<university_location></university_location>
		<degree></degree>
		<url></url>
		<file_name></file_name>
	</reference>
	<reference reference_id="reference4996">
		<reference_name>Li et al., 2009</reference_name>
		<reference_type>journal</reference_type>
		<authors>Li S, Tang X, Seetharaman J, Yang C, Gu Y, Zhang J, Du H, Shih JW, Hew CL, Sivaraman J, Xia N</authors>
		<title>Dimerization of hepatitis E virus capsid protein E2s domain is essential for virus-host interaction</title>
		<year>2009</year>
		<volume>5</volume>
		<issue>8</issue>
		<pages>e1000537</pages>
		<journal_book_name>PLoS pathogens</journal_book_name>
		<publisher></publisher>
		<publisher_location></publisher_location>
		<book_editors></book_editors>
		<isbn></isbn>
		<university></university>
		<university_location></university_location>
		<degree></degree>
		<url></url>
		<file_name></file_name>
	</reference>
</VIOLIN>


