Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus 11623 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, or LCM, is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis (inflammation of the membrane, or meninges, that surrounds the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), or meningoencephalitis (inflammation of both the brain and meninges). Its causative agent is the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a member of the family Arenaviridae that was initially isolated in 1933. Although LCMV is most commonly recognized as causing neurological disease, as its name implies, infection without symptoms or mild febrile illnesses are common clinical manifestations. Additionally, pregnancy-related infection has been associated with congenital hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, and mental retardation. The primary host is the common house mouse, Mus musculus. Infection in house mouse populations may vary by geographic location; about 5% of mice throughout the United States carry LCMV. The virus is found in the saliva, urine, and feces of infected mice. Infected mice carry LCMV and shed it for the duration of their lives without showing any sign of illness. Other types of rodents, such as hamsters, are not the natural reservoirs but can become infected with LCMV from wild mice at the breeder, in the pet store or home environment. Humans are more likely to contract LCMV from house mice, but infections from pet rodents have also been reported. Individuals become infected with LCMV after exposure to fresh urine, droppings, saliva, or nesting materials. Transmission can also occur when these materials are directly introduced into broken skin, the nose, the eyes, or the mouth, or presumably, via the bite of an infected rodent. Person-to-person transmission has not been reported, with the exception of vertical transmission from infected mother to fetus. Recent investigations indicate that organ transplantation may also be a means of transmission (CDC - LCMV). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 licensed Lymphocytic choriomeningitis human vaccine Generic Unknown VO_0003044 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed A generic representation of vaccines utilized to prevent Lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection in humans, typically employing inactivated (killed) LCMV virus to elicit protective immunity. These vaccines are designed to provide safe and effective immunization without the risk of causing disease. Lymphocytic Chloriomeningitis Virus Vaccine rLCMV-OVA Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intravenous injection (i.v.) Ifnar-/- vaccinated with propagation-deficient rLCMV vector expressing ovalbumin are protected from a challenge with the aggressive LCMV Arm and LCMV Clone 13. (Krolik et al., 2021) Intravenous injection (i.v.) OVA (Krolik et al., 2021) In wt mice, induction of viral NP396 specific CD8+ T cells peaked at day eight and two weeks after vaccination for OVA257. In Ifnar-/-, T cell induction was delayed but reached equally high frequencies of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by day 16 for the nucleoprotein and by day 30 for the vaccine antigen ovalbumin. (Krolik et al., 2021) Age and sex-matched animals were vaccinated with 1x10^6 pfu of rLCMV-OVA. Wt or Ifnar-/- mice were used. (Krolik et al., 2021) Immunized wt mice showed a sterile protection even after a high dose challenge. Ifnar-/- contained a low dose LCMV Arm challenge. Immunized Ifnar-/- receiving a high dose of LCMV Arm were partially protected, i.e. spreading of virus was pre- vented as virus remained below the detection limit in the liver. (Krolik et al., 2021) rLCMV-immunized wt or Ifnar-/- mice were challenged with low dose (200 pfu) or high dose (1x10^5 pfu) LCMV Arm (LCMV strain Armstrong). (Krolik et al., 2021) In wt mice, induction of viral NP396 specific CD8+ T cells peaked at day eight and two weeks after vaccination for OVA257. In Ifnar-/-, T cell induction was delayed but reached equally high frequencies of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by day 16 for the nucleoprotein and by day 30 for the vaccine antigen ovalbumin. (Krolik et al., 2021) Age and sex-matched animals were vaccinated with 1x10^6 pfu of rLCMV-OVA. Wt or Ifnar-/- mice were used. (Krolik et al., 2021) Vaccinated wt mice controlled viral dissemination. rLCMV vaccinated Ifnar-/- showed a significantly reduced viral titer compared to unvaccinated controls in a low dose challenge with LCMV Cl13. rLCMV vectors can protect Ifnar-/- from a low dose challenge with the highly aggressive LCMV Cl13. (Krolik et al., 2021) rLCMV immunized wt and Ifnar-/- mice were infected with 200 or 1x10^5 pfu of LCMV Cl13. (Krolik et al., 2021) Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus DNA vaccine pCMV-NP VO_0004327 DNA vaccine Research pCMV [Ref2512:Hassett et al., 2000] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction This DNA vaccine encodes the full-length LCMV Armstrong nucleoprotein (Hassett et al., 2000). VO_0000286 Mice were injected i.m. with pCMV-NP, which was shown to protect from intracranial LCMV challenge (Hassett et al., 2000). NP Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong 61655717 CDD:279216 11623 ? nucleoprotein 8.92 58776.522 639 Arenavirus nucleocapsid protein; pfam00843 >AAX49342.1 nucleoprotein [Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus] MSLSKEVKSFQWTQALRRELQSFTSDVKAAVIKDATNLLNGLDFSEVSNVQRIMRKEKRDDKDLQRLRSL NQTVHSLVDLKSTSKKNVLKVGRLSAEELMSLAADLEKLKAKIMRSERPQASGVYMGNLTTQQLDQRSQI LQIVGMRKPQQGASGVVRVWDVKDSSLLNNQFGTMPSLTMACMAKQSQTPLNDVVQALTDLGLLYTVKYP NLNDLERLKDKHPVLGVITEQQSSINISGYNFSLGAAVKAGAALLDGGNMLESILIKPSNSEDLLKAVLG AKRKLNMFVSDQVGDRNPYENILYKVCLSGEGWPYIACRTSIVGRAWENTTIDLTSEKPAVNSPRPAPGA AGPPQVGLSYSQTMLLKDLMGGIDPNAPTWIDIEGRFNDPVEIAIFQPQNGQFIHFYREPVDQKQFKQDS KYSHGMDLADLFNAQPGLTSSVIGALPQGMVLSCQGSDDIRKLLDSQNRKDIKLIDVEMTREASREYEDK VWDKYGWLCKMHTGIVRDKKKKEITPHCALMDCIIFESASKARLPDLKTVHNILPHDLIFRGPNVVTL Protective antigen CDC - LCMV website http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/lcmv/qa.htm