Adenovirus 10508 Respiratory infection Adenoviruses are a large group of DNA viruses with a distinguished experimental history, including contributions to the discovery of RNA splicing and the elucidation of central pathways in cell transformation. Some adenoviruses are human pathogens. They are also very much in vogue as potential vaccine and gene therapy vectors. Structure-based redesign of their cell-targeting and antigenic properties is therefore a desirable goal (Harrison, 2010). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Adenovirus Type 3, 7, and 55 Vaccine rAdMHE3-55 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Plasmids pBRAd-MHE3 and pSKE3LR-h55 were each cloned by using ClonExpress Entry One Step Cloning Kit and then co-transfected into Top 10 cells. Through homologous recombination, Fragment h55 from pSKE3LR-h55 was integrated into pBRAd-MHE3, the resulting trivalent virus vector was named pBRAd-MHE3-h55. [Ref5892:Liu et al., 2018] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) A trivalent recombinant vector adenovirus vaccine composed of L3 epitopes from HAdV3, HAdV7, and HadV55. (Liu et al., 2018) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) HAdV3 hexon protein, HAdV7 hexon protein, HAdV55 hexon protein (Liu et al., 2018) To verify the immunizing potential of the recombinant adenovirus rAdMHE3-h55, we immunized BALB/c mice with three doses of 5 X 10^9 VPs of rAdMHE3-h55. Sera were collected from the mice after the third immunization. Purified adenoviruses of HAdV-55, rAdMHE3, or rAdMHE3-h55 were subjected to western blot analyses with the mouse antisera. For all three adenoviruses, a hexon protein-like band of approximately 120 kDa were detected by anti-rAdMHE3-h55. ELISAs were used to further analyze the antisera from mice immunized with rAdMHE3-h55. The results showed that the mouseanti-rAdMHE3-h55 gave strong responses against HAdV-3, HAdV-7, HAdV-55 and rAdMHE3-h55. These findings confirmed that the recombinant adenovirus rAdMHE3-h55 was able to induce an immune response in mice and the antibodies possessed different neutralizing capabilities against HAdV-3, HAdV-7, and HAdV-55. (Liu et al., 2018) Female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups: animals in group vaccinated received rAdMHE3-h55 vaccination, whereas animals in group unvaccinated were only infected with viruses without vaccination. Group vaccinated was further subdivided into the vaccination-challenge group and vaccination-unchallenged group, the latter was served as a control. Mice in group vaccinated were first vaccinated intramuscularly four times with 1X 10^10 genome copies of recombinant virus rAdMHE3-h55at 2-week intervals. (Liu et al., 2018) In order to verify the protective effect of rAdMHE3-h55 vaccination, the respiratory system of the infected mice was examined because this was the target site of the HAdV infection. On post-challenge day 1, 3, or 5, mice were euthanized and their lung tissues were collected. Replication of HAdV-3, HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 in the lung tissues was detected by Q-PCR. There were statistically significant differences in the genome copies between vaccination-challenge group and un-vaccination group by day 5: HAdv-3 (p < 0.01, Mann- Whitney test), HAdV-7 (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test), HAdV-55 (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). These data indicated that immunization of BALB/c mice with the recombinant trivalent virus AdMHE3-h55could protect animals simultaneously from infections byHAdV-3, HAdV-7, or HAdV-55.(Liu et al., 2018) Two weeks after the fourth vaccination, mice in the vaccination-challenge group and unvaccinated group, with five or eight mice per time-point, were inoculated intranasally with 50 lL (about 2X 10^11 genome copies) of live HAdV-3, HAdV-7H, or AdV-55. Same number of naïve mice at each time point was served as negative control. Mice were euthanized on post-challenge day 1, 3, or 5.(Liu et al., 2018) Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine, Live, Oral Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine, Live, Oral Barr Labs, Inc. VO_0000096 Live vaccine Licensed orally United States Indicated for active immunization for the prevention of febrile acute respiratory disease caused by Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7, virus strains have not been attenuated. The vaccine is composed of two tablets (one of Adenovirus type 4 and one Adenovirus type 7) designed to pass intact through the stomach and release the live virus in the intestine (FDA: Adenovirus Vaccine). Store refrigerated between 2° and 8° C (35° and 46° F). Do not freeze (FDA: Adenovirus Vaccine). Virus is prepared in human-diploid fibroblast cell cultures (strain WI-38). The virus strains have not been attenuated. The virus is harvested and dried. The dry virus material includes monosodium glutamate, sucrose, D-mannose, D-fructose, dextrose, human serum albumin, potassium phosphate and plasdone C (FDA: Adenovirus Vaccine). orally licensed Adenovirus infection human vaccine Generic Unknown VO_0000037 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed A generic representation of vaccines used to prevent adenovirus-associated respiratory infections in humans, most commonly utilizing live, attenuated virus strains. These vaccines are historically licensed and administered, particularly among military populations, to induce protective immunity against adenoviral respiratory disease. Baden et al., 2014 journal Baden LR, Walsh SR, Seaman MS, Johnson JA, Tucker RP, Kleinjan JA, Gothing JA, Engelson BA, Carey BR, Oza A, Bajimaya S, Peter L, Bleckwehl C, Abbink P, Pau MG, Weijtens M, Kunchai M, Swann EM, Wolff M, Dolin R, Barouch DH 2014 The Journal of infectious diseases FDA: Adenovirus Vaccine website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm247508.htm Harrison, 2010 journal Harrison SC 2010 329 5995 1026-1027 Science (New York, N.Y.) Kim et al., 2014 journal Kim E, Okada K, Beeler JA, Crim RL, Piedra PA, Gilbert BE, Gambotto A 2014 88 9 5100-5108 Journal of virology Tompkins et al., 2007 journal Tompkins SM, Zhao ZS, Lo CY, Misplon JA, Liu T, Ye Z, Hogan RJ, Wu Z, Benton KA, Tumpey TM, Epstein SL 2007 13 3 426-435 Emerging infectious diseases