Chlamydia trachomatis 813 Chlamydia Mouse and guinea pig models show that the response to primary chlamydial in fection occurs within 1–2 days of infection and is characterized by mucosal infiltration with neutrophils and modest numbers of monocytes. Neutrophils are recruited in large numbers to the site of infection and are capable of killing accessible elementary bodies. Later, T cells accumulate at the site of chlamydial infection and play a critical role in controlling the infection (Darville and Hiltke, 2010). Chlamydia infects humans and there are established animal models in mice and guinea pigs (Darville and Hiltke, 2010). Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infection is a widespread public health concern because of its prevalence and potentially devastating reproductive consequences, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Although the pathologic consequences of infection are well established, the mechanism(s) of chlamydia-induced tissue damage are not fully understood (Darville and Hiltke, 2010). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 C. trachomatis DNA vaccine pWRG7079::MOMP VO_0004554 DNA vaccine Research pWRG7079 [Ref2675:Schautteet et al., 2011] Intravaginal injection GM-CSF, LTA and B and CpG motives (Schautteet et al., 2011) Intravaginal injection ompA of C. trachomatis serovar E strain 468 (Schautteet et al., 2011) DNA vaccine construction VO_0003057 A good level of protection against C. trachomatis genital infection was observed in the immunized group. This group had no or only mild macroscopic lesions in comparison with the control group. The infection was mainly localized in the lower genital tract while in the placebo-primed group, C. trachomatis was spread throughout the lower and upper genital tract. The scores for chlamydial presence were significantly higher for the corpus uteri, the uterine tubes and the oviducts of the control group. No replication was detected outside the urogenital tract, which is in accordance with the literature. Induction of immune mechanisms that limited infection and replication also resulted in a decreased shedding by the vaccinated pigs in comparison with the control ones. Significant differences were seen at some time points from 10 days post infection until euthanasia (Schautteet et al., 2011). licensed Chlamydia trachomatis infection human vaccine Generic Unknown VO_0000573 Subunit vaccine Licensed A generic representation of vaccines developed to prevent Chlamydia trachomatis infection in humans, typically utilizing purified antigens such as the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) or other recombinant proteins to elicit protective immune responses. rVCG- Chlamydia-cholera VO_0004720 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) A multisubunit vaccine candidate co-expressing the serovar D-derived Porin B and polymorphic membrane protein-D proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis (Eko et al., 2011)(Chen et al., 1998). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Mice were immunized with rVCG constructs (Eko et al., 2011). VO_0003057 All vaccinated mice responded with a significant rise in vibriocidal antibody titer, the surrogate marker for protection in cholera (Eko et al., 2011). rVCG- MOMP/HSV-2-gD VO_0004722 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) A bivalent combination vaccine formulation comprising rVCG expressing chlamydial MOMP and HSV-2 glycoprotein D (Macmillan et al., 2007). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Mice were immunized with the combination vaccine that elicited secretory IgA and IgG2a antibodies to both chlamydial and HSV-2 antigens in serum and vaginal secretions (Macmillan et al., 2007). VO_0003057 Mice immunized with the combination vaccine were prophylactically protected (Macmillan et al., 2007). Immunized mice then experienced a genital challenge with high doses of live Chlamydia and HSV-2 (Macmillan et al., 2007). Synthetic OMP1 Vaccine VO_0004240 Subunit vaccine Research subcutaneous injection subcutaneous injection Lipidic amino acid-based synthetic peptides derived from the variable domains (VD) of Chlamydia trachomatis outer membrane protein 1 (Zhong et al., 1993). NAGO elicited an antibody response similar to that in mice immunized with CFA (Zhong et al., 1993). 50 μg of peptide was injected subcutaneously with NAGO in PBS into the tail base, and was repeated at 14 day intervals (Zhong et al., 1993). ompA Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E 129149 CDD:279628 813 ? Major outer membrane porin, serovar E 4.97 42587.71 507 MOMP >sp|P17451.1|MOMPE_CHLTH RecName: Full=Major outer membrane porin, serovar E; Short=MOMP; Flags: Precursor MKKLLKSVLVFAALSSASSLQALPVGNPAEPSLMIDGILWEGFGGDPCDPCTTWCDAISMRMGYYGDFVF DRVLKTDVNKEFQMGDKPTSTTGNATAPTTLTARENPAYGRHMQDAEMFTNAACMALNIWDRFDVFCTLG ASSGYLKGNSASFNLVGLFGDNENQSTVKTNSVPNMSLDQSVVELYTDTAFSWSVGARAALWECGCATLG ASFQYAQSKPKVEELNVLCNAAEFTINKPKGYVGQEFPLALIAGTDAATGTKDASIDYHEWQASLALSYR LNMFTPYIGVKWSRASFDADTIRIAQPKSATAIFDTTTLNPTIAGAGDVKASAEGQLGDTMQIVSLQLNK MKSRKSCGIAVGTTIVDADKYAVTVETRLIDERAAHVNAQFRF Protective antigen Bartolini et al., 2013 journal Bartolini E, Ianni E, Frigimelica E, Petracca R, Galli G, Berlanda Scorza F, Norais N, Laera D, Giusti F, Pierleoni A, Donati M, Cevenini R, Finco O, Grandi G, Grifantini R 2013 2 Journal of extracellular vesicles Chen et al., 1998 journal Chen I, Finn TM, Yanqing L, Guoming Q, Rappuoli R, Pizza M 1998 66 4 1648-1653 Infection and immunity Darville and Hiltke, 2010 journal Darville T, Hiltke TJ 2010 201 Suppl 2 S114-125 The Journal of infectious diseases Eko et al., 2011 journal Eko FO, Okenu DN, Singh UP, He Q, Black C, Igietseme JU 2011 29 21 3802-3810 Vaccine Gervassi et al., 2004 journal Gervassi AL, Grabstein KH, Probst P, Hess B, Alderson MR, Fling SP 2004 173 11 6905-6913 Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Goodall et al., 2001 journal Goodall JC, Yeo G, Huang M, Raggiaschi R, Gaston JS 2001 31 5 1513-1522 European journal of immunology Jiang et al., 2017 journal Jiang P, Cai Y, Chen J, Ye X, Mao S, Zhu S, Xue X, Chen S, Zhang L 2017 35 23 3096-3103 Vaccine Macmillan et al., 2007 journal Macmillan L, Ifere GO, He Q, Igietseme JU, Kellar KL, Okenu DM, Eko FO 2007 49 1 46-55 FEMS immunology and medical microbiology Paes et al., 2016 journal Paes W, Brown N, Brzozowski AM, Coler R, Reed S, Carter D, Bland M, Kaye PM, Lacey CJN 2016 34 35 4123-4131 Vaccine Pal et al., 1997 journal Pal S, Theodor I, Peterson EM, de la Maza LM 1997 65 8 3361-3369 Infection and immunity Patel et al., 2014 journal Patel AL, Mishra PK, Sachdev D, Chaudhary U, Patton DL, Saluja D 2014 2014 245483 BioMed research international Schautteet et al., 2011 journal Schautteet K, Stuyven E, Beeckman DS, Van Acker S, Carlon M, Chiers K, Cox E, Vanrompay D 2011 29 7 1399-1407 Vaccine Skwor et al., 2010 journal Skwor T, Kandel RP, Basravi S, Khan A, Sharma B, Dean D 2010 51 10 5128-5136 Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Starnbach et al., 2003 journal Starnbach MN, Loomis WP, Ovendale P, Regan D, Hess B, Alderson MR, Fling SP 2003 171 9 4742-4749 Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Tsai et al., 2007 journal Tsai PY, Hsu MC, Huang CT, Li SY 2007 20 1 156-161 International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology Wang et al., 2009 journal Wang J, Chen L, Chen F, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Baseman J, Perdue S, Yeh IT, Shain R, Holland M, Bailey R, Mabey D, Yu P, Zhong G 2009 27 22 2967-2980 Vaccine Zhong et al., 1993 journal Zhong G, Toth I, Reid R, Brunham RC 1993 151 7 3728-3736 Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)