Porcine parvovirus 10796 SMEDI, reproductive failure Pigs Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the cause of reproductive failure in swine characterized by embryonic and fetal infection and death (SMEDI), generally without outward maternal clinical signs. The virus is ubiquitous throughout the world and is endemic in most swine herds. PPV can also potentiate the effects of infection with porcine circovirus type 2. The most common routes of infection for postnatal and prenatal pigs are oronasal and transplacental. Infection is endemic in most herds, and generally sows are immune. The virus can persist in the environment, as it is themostable and resistant to many common disinfectants. The major and usually only clinical response of PPV infection is maternal reproductive failure, such as infertility, abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death and reduced neonatal vitality (Mengeling, 2006). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 ERYSENG® PARVO Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) ERYSENG® PARVO (HIPRA) is a bivalent inactivated vaccine based on the inactivated E. rhusiopathiae strain R32E11 and the inactivated PPV strain NADL-2.(Sánchez-Matamoros et al., 2019) Aluminium hydroxide, DEAE-dextran, and Ginseng are adjuvants.(Sánchez-Matamoros et al., 2019) The vaccines were prepared and diluted following the manufacturer’s recommendations. (Sánchez-Matamoros et al., 2019) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4906.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0002290 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.20) Wyeth, Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002321 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.21) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002322 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002323 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.01) Wyeth VO_0002277 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.20) Pfizer, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0002278 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0002279 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002280 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.01) Wyeth VO_0002292 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0002293 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.22) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0002294 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4960.00) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002291 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002309 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.23) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002310 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.24) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002311 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002312 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.23) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002313 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.24) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002314 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Porcilis® Ery + Parvo + Lepto Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Porcilis® Ery+Parvo+Lepto is an octavalent inactivated ready-to-use vaccine that contains Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Ery), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and six serogroups of Leptospira (Lepto).(van et al., 2020) Diluvac Forte® adjuvant (van et al., 2020) Virulent PPV-27a strain. (van et al., 2020) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Six relevant swine Leptospira antigens (serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis (Bratislava), Grippotyphosa, Pomona and Tarassovi) to an existing vaccine, Porcilis® Ery + Parvo(van et al., 2020) Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome-Parvovirus Reproductive Form, Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4P19.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002324 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA ReproCyc® ParvoFLEX Subunit vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) European (EU) market ReproCyc® ParvoFLEX (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany) is a recently licensed monovalent subunit vaccine for pigs based on a recombinant baculoviral expression system producing the protective viral protein (VP) 2 of PPV1.(Garcia-Morante et al., 2019) Adjuvanted with carbopol (ImpranFLEX®; BI Animal Health USA Inc., St. Joseph, MO, USA) (Garcia-Morante et al., 2019) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Produces the protective viral protein (VP) 2 of PPV1. (Garcia-Morante et al., 2019) Ji et al., 2017 journal Ji P, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang A, Jiang D, Zhao B, Wang J, Chai S, Zhou E, Zhang G 2017 139 146-152 Antiviral research Qi and Cui, 2009 journal Qi T, Cui SJ 2009 157 1 93-97 Journal of virological methods Xie et al., 2010 journal Xie HL, Wang Z, Cui SJ, Zhang CF, Cui YD 2010 7 161 Virology journal