Duck hepatitis virus 1
691956
Duck virus hepatitis (DVH)
A natural outbreak of DHV Type I has been reported in mallard ducklings; experimental DHV Type I infections have been produced in goslings, turkey poults, young pheasants, quail, and guinea fowl. The viruses that cause hepatitis in ducklings should not be confused with duck hepatitis B virus, a hepadnavirus infection of older ducks (Merck Vet Manual: Duck Viral Hepatitis).
Duck viral hepatitis is an acute, highly contagious, viral disease of young ducklings characterized by a short incubation period, sudden onset, high mortality, and characteristic liver lesions. The disease is of economic importance in all duck-raising areas of the world. Three distinct types of duck hepatitis virus (DHV) have been isolated from diseased ducklings.The originally described, most widespread, and most virulent DHV Type I is an enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae and is readily propagated in chick and duck embryos. It does not produce hemagglutinins. Field experience with DHV Type I indicates that egg transmission does not occur. The disease can be transmitted experimentally by parenteral or oral administration of infected tissues. Viruses differing from classic DHV Type I have been recognized as causes of hepatitis in ducklings. DHV Type II is considered to be an astrovirus and is difficult to propagate under laboratory conditions; DHV Type III is a member of the Picornaviridae, is antigenically distinct from Type I virus, and can be propagated in duck (but not chick) embryos. A distinct serologic variant of DHV Type I, named DHV Type Ia, has also been described (Merck Vet Manual: Duck Viral Hepatitis).
Baboon
Papio cynocephalus
9556
Bank vole
Clethrionomys glareolus
447135
Bear
Ursus americanus
9643
Birds
Passeroidea
175121
Brown Trout
Salmo trutta
8032
Buffalo
Bison bison
9901
Carnivores
Vulpes
9625
Cat
Felis catus
9685
Catfishes
Siluriformes
7995
Cattle
Bos taurus
9913
Chicken
Gallus gallus
9031
Chimpanzee
Pan troglodytes
9598
chinchillas
Chinchillidae
10150
Copper Pheasant
Syrmaticus soemmerringii
9067
Deer
Cervus elaphus
9860
Deer mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus
10042
Dog
Canis familiaris
9615
Ducks
Anas
8835
Ferret
Mustela putorius furo
9669
Fish
Hyperotreti
117565
Gerbil
Gerbillina
10045
Goat
Capra hircus
9925
Gray wolf
Canis lupus
9612
Guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
10141
Hamster
Mesocricetus auratus
10036
Horse
Equus caballus
9796
Human
Homo sapiens
9606
Macaque
Macaca fascicularis
9541
Mongolian Gerbil
Meriones unguiculatus
10047
Monkey
Platyrrhini
9479
Mouse
Mus musculus
10090
None
None
Parrot
Psittacidae
9224
Pig
Sus scrofa
9823
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
9986
Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
8022
Rat
Rattus
10114
Raven
Corvus corax
56781
sei whale
Balaenoptera borealis
9768
Sheep
Ovis aries
9940
Squirrel
Spermophilus richardsonii
37591
Tree shrew
Tupaiidae
9393
Trouts, salmons & chars
Salmoninae
504568
Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
9103
Vole
Microtus ochrogaster
79684
Water buffalo
Bubalus bubalis
391902
Duck hepatitis virus 1 DNA vaccine pSCA/VP1
VO_0004575
DNA vaccine
Research
pSCA1 [Ref2703:Fu et al., 2012]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
DHV-1-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were well induced in ducklings (Fu et al., 2012).
VO_0003057
Vaccination with pSCA/VP1 could significantly reduce the onset and duration of viremia and decrease virus replication in ducklings (Fu et al., 2012).
Duck Hepatitis Virus Vaccine rDEV-UL26/27-P13C
Recombinant vector vaccine
Research
[Ref5574:Yang et al., 2021] DEV (Duck Enteritis Virus)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
(Yang et al., 2021)The P1-P2A-3C cassette was inserted into the gene junction between UL26 and UL27 in the DEV vaccine strain genome. For transfection, we used the modified fosmids, C144-UL26/27-P13C, which replaced the parental fosmid C144. After being blindly passaged once in CEFs, DEV-typical plaques appeared in the CEFs transfected with the DNA combinations. Electron microscopy confirmed the successful rescue of the recombinant viruses. Insertion of the P1-P2A-3C cassette at the proper site was confirmed by PCR and sequencing, using a forward primer specific to the P1 gene and a reverse primer matching the UL26 sequence. The recombinant DEV was designated rDEV-UL26/27-P13C, with the P1 and 3C genes inserted between UL26 and UL27, in the DEV genome.
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
(Yang et al., 2021) P1, 3C
(Yang et al., 2021) Groups of 20 ducks were inoculated with 1000 ELD50 of the recombinant viruses to evaluate the antibody responses against DHAV-3 and DEV induced by the recombinant DEVs.
(Yang et al., 2021) All the animal experiments were performed using SPF ducks housed in filtered-air, negative-pressure isolation units. The ducks were given free access to food and water. To evaluate the protective efficacy of the recombinant viruses against challenge by the virulent DHAV-3 and DEV, each group of 20 ducks was inoculated subcutaneously with 1,000 times the 50% egg lethal dose (1000 ELD50) of the rescued viruses at 1 day of age. At 7 days post-vaccination, 10 ducks in each group were intramuscularly challenged with 100 ELD50 of the virulent DHAV-3 A3 strain, and the remaining 10 ducks were intramuscularly challenged with 1,000 minimum lethal doses of the virulent DEV CSC strain. Ten unvaccinated and unchallenged ducks were used as the healthy controls. The ducks were examined for clinical signs and mortality for 2 weeks after the challenge. The dead and surviving ducks were observed for gross lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys, esophagus, intestine, thymus, and bursa.
(Yang et al., 2021) The ducks were inoculated with the recombinant viruses at 1 day of age and challenged with the virulent DHAV-3 A3 strain 7 days post-inoculation for protective efficacy evaluation. These ducks did not show any clinical signs in response to vaccination before the challenge. The ducks in the rDEV-UL26/27-P13C vaccination group were completely protected from lethal DHAV-3 challenge, showing no clinical signs of disease and no visible lesions in the liver, spleen, or other organs during the 2-week observation period. However, all ducks in the challenge control group showed severe clinical signs from 2 days post-challenge, including depression, lethargy, and anorexia; all these ducks died from the DHAV-3 challenge within 3 days. As expected, the ducks in the healthy control group did not show any clinical signs during the experiment. These results indicate that rDEV-UL26/27-P13C induced 100% protection against lethal DHAV-3 challenge in ducks.
Duck Hepatitis Virus Vaccine rDEV-US7/8-P13C
Recombinant vector vaccine
Research
[Ref5574:Yang et al., 2021] DEV (Duck Enteritis Virus)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
A bivalent duck hepatitis virus recombinant vector vaccine that is made of a P1-P2a-33 cassette inserted between US7 and US8 of the viral genome (Yang et al., 2021).
(Yang et al., 2021) The P1-P2A-3C cassette was inserted into the gene junction between US7 and US8 in the DEV vaccine strain genome. For transfection, we used the modified fosmid C343-US7/8-P13C, which replaced the parental fosmid C343. After being blindly passaged once in CEFs, DEV-typical plaques appeared in the CEFs transfected with the DNA combinations. Electron microscopy confirmed the successful rescue of the recombinant viruses. Insertion of the P1-P2A-3C cassette at the proper site was confirmed by PCR and sequencing, using a forward primer specific to the P1 gene and a reverse primer matching the US8 sequence. The recombinant DEVs was designated rDEV-US7/8-P13C, with the P1 and 3C genes inserted between US7 and US8, in the DEV genome.
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
(Yang et al., 2021) P1, 3C
(Yang et al., 2021) Groups of 20 ducks were inoculated with 1000 ELD50 of the recombinant viruses to evaluate the antibody responses against DHAV-3 and DEV induced by the recombinant DEVs.
(Yang et al., 2021)All the animal experiments were performed using SPF ducks housed in filtered-air, negative-pressure isolation units. The ducks were given free access to food and water. To evaluate the protective efficacy of the recombinant viruses against challenge by the virulent DHAV-3 and DEV, each group of 20 ducks was inoculated subcutaneously with 1,000 times the 50% egg lethal dose (1000 ELD50) of the rescued viruses at 1 day of age. At 7 days post-vaccination, 10 ducks in each group were intramuscularly challenged with 100 ELD50 of the virulent DHAV-3 A3 strain, and the remaining 10 ducks were intramuscularly challenged with 1,000 minimum lethal doses of the virulent DEV CSC strain. Ten unvaccinated and unchallenged ducks were used as the healthy controls. The ducks were examined for clinical signs and mortality for 2 weeks after the challenge. The dead and surviving ducks were observed for gross lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys, esophagus, intestine, thymus, and bursa.
(Yang et al., 2021) The ducks were inoculated with the recombinant viruses at 1 day of age and challenged with the virulent DHAV-3 A3 strain 7 days post-inoculation for protective efficacy evaluation. These ducks did not show any clinical signs in response to vaccination before the challenge. The ducks in the rDEV-US7/8-P13C vaccination group were completely protected from lethal DHAV-3 challenge, showing no clinical signs of disease and no visible lesions in the liver, spleen, or other organs during the 2-week observation period. However, all ducks in the challenge control group showed severe clinical signs from 2 days post-challenge, including depression, lethargy, and anorexia; all these ducks died from the DHAV-3 challenge within 3 days. As expected, the ducks in the healthy control group did not show any clinical signs during the experiment. These results indicate that rDEV-US7/8-P13C induced 100% protection against lethal DHAV-3 challenge in ducks.
Duck Virus Hepatitis Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14B1.10)
International Duck Research Cooperative, Inc.
VO_0001738
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
VP1
Duck hepatitis A virus strain ZJ serotype 1
129307224
1006061
?
VP1 protein
6.87
25110.8
303
vaccine strain; modified live virus
>ABO30521.1 VP1 protein, partial [Duck hepatitis A virus 1]
GDSNQLGDDEPVCFLNFETANVPIQGESHTLVKHLFGRQWLVRTVQHASTVQELDLQVPDRGHASLIRFF
AYFSGEIILTIVNNGTTPAMVAHSYSMDDLSSEYAVTAMGGVMIPANSAKNIPVPFYSVTPLRPTRPIPG
TSEATFGRLFMWTQSGSLSVFMGLKKPALFFPLPAPTSTTLSRGSNGVIPTLDQSGDEVDCHFCKICSKM
KRMWKPKGHFRFCLRLKTLAFELDLEIE
Protective antigen
Fu et al., 2012
journal
Fu Y, Chen Z, Li C, Liu G
Protective immune responses in ducklings induced by a suicidal DNA vaccine of the VP1 gene of duck hepatitis virus type 1
2012
160
3-4
314-318
Veterinary microbiology
Merck Vet Manual: Duck Viral Hepatitis
website
Merck Vet Manual: Duck Viral Hepatitis
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/202100.htm