Psittacid herpesvirus 1 50294 Pacheco's Parrot Disease Psittacine birds (Katoh et al., 2010). Psittacid herpesvirus 1 causes Pacheco's disease in psittacine birds. Pacheco's disease rapidly kills birds by causing fatal hepatitis, but often shows no clinical symptoms before death (Katoh et al., 2010). Pacheco’s disease (PD) is a highly contagious, acute disease of psittacines caused by a herpesvirus. It is associated with stress, which can cause clinically healthy carriers to shed virus and initiate infection in susceptible birds. It is spread by direct contact and by aerosol or fecal contamination of food or water. Macaws, Amazon parrots, Monk parakeets, and conures are often involved in outbreaks. Old World species are less likely to be either inapparent carriers or clinically susceptible. Patagonian species and some Aratinga sp may be natural hosts in the wild, and some individuals of these species may asymptomatically shed virus when stressed. Other species can also act as carriers. Terminal signs include acute death in well-fleshed birds and bright yellow urates with scant feces. Due to the acute nature of the disease, no gross histologic lesions may be evident. Most affected birds, however, will have an enlarged liver, splenomegaly, and renomegaly. The liver may be mottled or grossly discolored. Ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages may be present on the pericardium and within the mesenteric fat (Merck Vet Manual: Pacheco's Disease). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Pacheco's Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 18C5.00) Biomune Company VO_0001788 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Katoh et al., 2010 journal Katoh H, Ogawa H, Ohya K, Fukushi H 2010 72 9 1099-1106 The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science Merck Vet Manual: Pacheco's Disease website http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/170223.htm