Haemophilus parasuis 738 H. parasuis colonizes the respiratory tracts of pigs, and can then cause systemic infection (Oliveira and Pijoan, 2004). Glasser's disease Early colonized pigs are protected against systemic infection by maternal antibodies. As maternal immunity decreases, these pigs are able to mount an active immune response to these virulent strains (Oliveira and Pijoan, 2004). Pigs H. parasuis is a non-motile, small, pleomorphic rod in the family Pasteurellaceae, and is the etiologic agent of Glasser's disease. Glasser’s disease is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis. H. parasuis often produces acute septicemia, and its endotoxin induces disseminated intravascular coagulation, resulting in the formation of microthrombi in several organs (Oliveira and Pijoan, 2004). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Haemophilus Parasuis Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 19J1.00) Newport Laboratories, Inc. VO_0001794 Live vaccine Licensed USA DNA vaccine construction pCgap DNA vaccine encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase VO_0004515 DNA vaccine Research pcDNA3.1 Directional TOPO vector (pcDNA3.1D/V5-His-TOPO) [Ref2526:Fu et al., 2012] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction Although IgG analysis showed production of both IgG1 and IgG2, the higher levels of IgG1 indicated the dominance of Th2 response over Th1 response (Fu et al., 2012). Four to five week old female BALB/c mice were divided randomly into three groups (30 mice per group): one group was injected intramuscularly in the hind thigh muscle with 100 μg of plasmid dissolved in 100 μl PBS; the other two groups were injected with pcDNA 3.1 vector only as negative control or PBS as blank control. Mice received a vaccination boost of an equivalent dose on day 14 and 28 following the first immunization (Fu et al., 2012). VO_0000286 The groups vaccinated with the pCgap vaccine exhibited 83.3% and 50% protective efficacy against the H. parasuis MD0322 serovar 4 or SH0165 serovar 5 challenges, respectively (Fu et al., 2012). Two weeks after the second vaccination boost, mice immunized with pCgap were divided into groups 1 and 2 (12 mice/group). The mice from group 1 were challenged intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of 3.0 × 10^9 CFU of H. parasuis SH0165 strain and the mice from group 2 were challenged intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of 3.0 × 10^9 CFU of H. parasuis MD0322 strain. Mice were monitored for seven days post-challenge, and morbidity and mortality were recorded (Fu et al., 2012). Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Haemophilus Parasuis Bacterin (USDA: 49V9.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0004214 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Parasuis Bacterin (USDA: 49Q9.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0004217 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA gapA Haemophilus parasuis SH0165 7278596 498484148 HAPS_RS00005 CP001321 WP_010785946 557723 1 1020 + type I glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 6.07 32717.08 339 COG:G;COG0057 >NC_011852.1:1-1020 Haemophilus parasuis SH0165, complete genome TATGGCAATTAAAATTGGTATTAACGGCTTTGGCCGTATCGGTCGTATCGTATTCCGTGCAGCACAAAAA CGTGATGACATCGAAGTAGTTGGTATCAACGACTTAATTGATGTTGAGTATATGGCATATATGCTCAAAT ACGATTCAACTCACGGTCGTTTCGATGGCACTGTCGAAGTAAAAGACGGCAAATTAGTTGTAAACGGTAA AGAAATCCGTGTTACTTCTGAGCGTGACCCAGCTAACTTAAAATGGAATGAAATTGGTGTGGATATCGCA GTTGAAGCAACAGGTTTATTCTTGGACGATACAACTGCTCGTAAACACATCGAAGCTGGTGCGAAAAAAG TCGTTTTAACTGGTCCATCTAAAGATAGCACACCTATGTTCGTAAACGGTGTAAACTTCAACGCTTATGC TGGTCAAGACATCGTTTCTAACGCTTCTTGTACAACAAACTGCTTAGCACCACTTGCTCGTGTTATCCAC GAAACATTTGGTATCAAAGAAGGTTTAATGACAACTGTTCATGCAACAACAGCAACACAAAAAACTGTTG ATGGTCCATCAGCAAAAGACTGGCGCGGTGGTCGTGGTGCGGCACAAAACATCATTCCATCTTCAACAGG TGCAGCGAAAGCAGTAGGTAAAGTATTACCAGCATTAAACGGTAAATTAACAGGTATGGCGTTCCGTGTT CCAACAGCAAACGTATCTGTTGTTGATTTAACTGTAAACTTAGAAAAACCAGCAAGCTACGAAGAGATCA AAAAAGCGATCAAAGATGCAGCAGAAGGTAAAACATTCAACGGCGAATTAAAAGGCGTTTTAGGTTATAC TGAAGATGCAGTAGTATCAACAGACTTCAACGGTGCAGTTGAAACTTCTGTATTTGATGCAGATGCAGGT ATCGCATTAACAGATACATTCGTGAAACTTGTTTCTTGGTATGACAACGAAACTGGTTACTCAAACAAAG TATTAGACTTAGTTGCTCACGTTTACAACTACAAAGGCTA >WP_010785946.1 type I glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Glaesserella parasuis] MAIKIGINGFGRIGRIVFRAAQKRDDIEVVGINDLIDVEYMAYMLKYDSTHGRFDGTVEVKDGKLVVNGK EIRVTSERDPANLKWNEIGVDIAVEATGLFLDDTTARKHIEAGAKKVVLTGPSKDSTPMFVNGVNFNAYA GQDIVSNASCTTNCLAPLARVIHETFGIKEGLMTTVHATTATQKTVDGPSAKDWRGGRGAAQNIIPSSTG AAKAVGKVLPALNGKLTGMAFRVPTANVSVVDLTVNLEKPASYEEIKKAIKDAAEGKTFNGELKGVLGYT EDAVVSTDFNGAVETSVFDADAGIALTDTFVKLVSWYDNETGYSNKVLDLVAHVYNYKG Protective antigen Barasuol et al., 2017 journal Barasuol BM, Guizzo JA, Fegan JE, Martínez-Martínez S, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Kreutz LC, Schryvers AB, Frandoloso R 2017 7 1 10377 Scientific reports Fu et al., 2012 journal Fu S, Zhang M, Ou J, Liu H, Tan C, Liu J, Chen H, Bei W 2012 30 48 6839-6844 Vaccine Guo et al., 2017 journal Guo L, Xu L, Wu T, Fu S, Qiu Y, Hu CA, Ren X, Liu R, Ye M 2017 63 4 312-320 Canadian journal of microbiology Hong et al., 2011 journal Hong M, Ahn J, Yoo S, Hong J, Lee E, Yoon I, Jung JK, Lee H 2011 148 1 89-92 Veterinary microbiology Huang et al., 2013 journal Huang X, Li Y, Fu Y, Ji Y, Lian K, Zheng H, Wei J, Cai X, Zhu Q 2013 20 6 912-919 Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI Li et al., 2015 journal Li M, Song S, Yang D, Li C, Li G 2015 33 14 1695-1701 Vaccine Li et al., 2016 journal Li M, Li C, Song S, Kang H, Yang D, Li G 2016 34 19 2251-2258 Vaccine Li et al., 2017 journal Li M, Cai RJ, Song S, Jiang ZY, Li Y, Gou HC, Chu PP, Li CL, Qiu HJ 2017 12 4 e0176537 PloS one Macedo et al., 2016 journal Macedo N, Oliveira S, Torremorell M, Rovira A 2016 107 62-67 Research in veterinary science Oliveira and Pijoan, 2004 journal Oliveira S, Pijoan C 2004 99 1 1-12 Veterinary microbiology Olvera et al., 2011 journal Olvera A, Pina S, Pérez-Simó M, Aragón V, Segalés J, Bensaid A 2011 29 15 2797-2802 Vaccine Tian et al., 2011 journal Tian H, Fu F, Li X, Chen X, Wang W, Lang Y, Cong F, Liu C, Tong G, Li X 2011 18 10 1695-1701 Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI Wen et al., 2016 journal Wen Y, Yan X, Wen Y, Cao S, He L, Ding L, Zhang L, Zhou P, Huang X, Wu R, Wen X 2016 591 2 478-483 Gene Yuan et al., 2012 journal Yuan F, Fu S, Hu J, Li J, Chang H, Hu L, Chen H, Tian Y, Bei W 2012 93 1 51-56 Research in veterinary science Zhou et al., 2009 journal Zhou M, Guo Y, Zhao J, Hu Q, Hu Y, Zhang A, Chen H, Jin M 2009 27 38 5271-5277 Vaccine