Canine Adenovirus Type 2 10514 The host range of CAV-2 includes a broad number of mammalian species. Wild-life animals may be a source of infection for domestic dogs. The overall prevalence of antibodies to canine adenoviruses in European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Australia was 23.2% with marked geographical, seasonal and age differences, while the prevalence of antibodies was 97% in Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) in the Channel Islands, California. Antibodies to CAV-2 were also detected in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and in marine mammals in Alaska and Canada, including black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), wolves (Canis lupus), walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) (Buonavoglia and Martella, 2007). Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) determines unapparent to mild infection of the respiratory tract and is regarded as one of the causes of the common widespread infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB). CAV-2 has also been implicated in episodes of enteritis and has been detected in the brain of dogs with neurological signs. Infection with CAV-2 appears to be widespread in dogs that are not immune to CAV-1 or CAV-2 (Buonavoglia and Martella, 2007). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Canine Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Bordetella Bronchiseptica Modified Live Virus & Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 12X1.20) Wyeth, Intervet Inc. VO_0002089 Live vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13A1.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Neotech, LLC VO_0002098 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13A1.27) Wyeth VO_0002099 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4629.27) Wyeth VO_0002207 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4629.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002206 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002136 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.21) Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002137 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.25) Wyeth VO_0002138 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.29) Wyeth VO_0002139 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Borrelia Burgdorferi Bacterin (USDA: 47C5.20) Wyeth VO_0002241 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Borrelia Burgdorferi Bacterin (USDA: 47C5.29) Wyeth VO_0002242 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Borrelia Burgdorferi Bacterin-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46B9.21) Wyeth VO_0002219 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.25) Wyeth VO_0002231 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.29) Wyeth VO_0002234 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 47L9.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002246 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.21) Wyeth VO_0002230 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.26) Wyeth VO_0002232 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.27) Wyeth VO_0002233 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J7.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002226 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J7.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002227 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J9.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002229 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46L9.27) Wyeth VO_0002236 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J9.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002235 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus; Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1591.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002135 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46P9.27) Wyeth VO_0002237 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Measles-Parainfluenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1341.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002095 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13C1.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002100 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4659.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002218 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.20) Intervet Inc., Aceto Pharma Corp. VO_0002101 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.21) Wyeth, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002102 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.22) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002103 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.23) Intervet Inc. VO_0002104 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.25) Wyeth VO_0002105 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.27) Wyeth VO_0002106 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.28) Wyeth VO_0002107 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.29) Wyeth VO_0002108 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.T0) Wyeth VO_0002110 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4637.29) Wyeth VO_0002211 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4639.25) Wyeth VO_0002214 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 47K1.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002245 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4639.27) Wyeth VO_0002215 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4639.28) Wyeth VO_0002216 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4637.20)_ Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002208 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4637.22) Intervet Inc. VO_0002209 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4637.23) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002210 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4639.21) Wyeth, Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002212 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4639.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002213 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J8.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002228 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002109 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4639.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002217 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus-Rabies Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13G9.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002111 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.20) Wyeth, Intervet Inc. VO_0002090 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.25) Wyeth VO_0002091 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.27) Wyeth VO_0002092 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.30) Intervet Inc. VO_0002093 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1331.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002094 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus-Rabies Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13H9.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002112 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Buonavoglia and Martella, 2007 journal Buonavoglia C, Martella V 2007 38 2 355-373 Veterinary research