Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 11099 Bovine viral Diarrhea (BVD) Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is most common in young cattle (6-24 mo old) and generally is accompanied by typical mucosal lesions; it must be distinguished from other viral diseases that produce diarrhea and mucosal lesions. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), the causal agent of BVD and mucosal disease complex, is classified in the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Although cattle are the primary host for BVDV, several reports suggest most even-toed ungulates are also susceptible. Isolates of BVDV are separated into noncytopathic and cytopathic biotypes based on cytopathic effects observed in infected cell cultures. Noncytopathic BVDV are the predominant viral biotype in nature. Cytopathic BVDV are relatively rare and arise in cattle that are persistently infected with noncytopathic BVDV. The switch in viral biotype is triggered by mutations that often involve recombination of noncytopathic viral RNA with itself, with heterologous viral RNA, or with host cell RNA. Based on viral RNA sequence, there are at least 2 viral genotypes of BVDV that can be further divided into subgenotypes. The viral genotypes are termed BVDV type 1 and BVDV type 2, and both cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV are represented in each viral genotype. Although the viral genotypes are antigenically related, serologic assays can separate BVDV type 1 from BVDV type 2. Serologic surveys indicate that BVDV is distributed worldwide. The prevalence of antiviral antibody in cattle varies among countries and may vary between geographic regions within a country. Prevalence of antiviral antibody may be >90% if vaccination is practiced commonly in a geographic region. Although cattle of all ages are susceptible, most cases of overt clinical disease are seen in cattle that are between 6 mo and 2 yr of age. Cattle that are persistently infected with noncytopathic BVDV serve as a natural reservoir for virus. Persistent infection develops when noncytopathic BVDV is transmitted transplacentally during the first 4 mo of fetal development. The calf is born infected with virus, remains infected for life, and usually is immunotolerant to the resident noncytopathic virus. Transplacental infection that occurs later in gestation results in abortion, congenital malformations, or birth of normal calves that have antibody against BVDV. The prevalence of persistent infection varies among countries and between regions within a country. In some areas, the prevalence of persistent infection in calves may be as high as 1-2% of cattle <1 yr of age. On a given farm, persistently infected cattle are often found in cohorts of animals that are approximately the same age. Persistently infected cattle can shed large amounts of BVDV in their secretions and excretions and readily transmit virus to susceptible herdmates. Clinical disease and reproductive failure often are seen after healthy cattle come in contact with a persistently infected animal. Biting insects, fomites, semen, biologic products, and possibly wild ruminants also can spread BVDV (Merck Vet Manual: Bovine Viral Diarrhea). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1155.20) Heska Corporation, Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001901 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1155.30) Heska Corporation VO_0001902 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4145.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001903 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4145.21) Heska Corporation VO_0001904 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Mannheimia Haemolytica-Pasteurella Multocida Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 43S5.20) Texas Vet Lab, Inc. VO_0001905 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Mannheimia Haemolytica-Pasteurella Multocida-Salmonella Typhimurium Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 43T5.20) Texas Vet Lab, Inc. VO_0001906 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4335.20) Heska Corporation VO_0001907 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4336.30) Heska Corporation VO_0001908 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1151.00) Colorado Serum Company, Heska Corporation VO_0001909 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1151.20) Wyeth, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc., Heska Corporation, Merial, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001910 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1151.22) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc. VO_0001911 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1151.23) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001912 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1151.26) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001913 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4141.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc. VO_0001914 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4339.00) Colorado Serum Company, Heska Corporation VO_0001915 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4359.00) Colorado Serum Company VO_0001916 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Hardjo-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4399.20) Wyeth VO_0001917 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4389.00) Colorado Serum Company, Heska Corporation VO_0001918 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4389.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Merial, Inc. VO_0001919 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4389.21) Heska Corporation VO_0001920 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1175.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001921 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4435.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001922 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.00) Wyeth, Colorado Serum Company, Heska Corporation VO_0001923 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.20) Heska Corporation, Merial, Inc. VO_0001924 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.22) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001925 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.24) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001926 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001927 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.26) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001928 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.27) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001929 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1171.30) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001930 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4560.24) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001931 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4560.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001932 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4489.30) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001933 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4439.00) Colorado Serum Company VO_0001934 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4439.20) Wyeth, Heska Corporation, Merial, Inc. VO_0001935 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4479.00) Colorado Serum Company VO_0001936 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4509.00) Colorado Serum Company, Heska Corporation VO_0001937 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Mannheimia Haemolytica Bacterin (USDA: 44A5.20) Wyeth VO_0001938 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.00) Wyeth VO_0001939 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc., Heska Corporation, Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001940 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001941 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.22) Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001942 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.23) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001943 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.24) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001944 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001945 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.26) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001946 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.28) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001947 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1181.30) Intervet Inc., Heska Corporation VO_0001948 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1185.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Merial, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001949 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1185.22) Wyeth VO_0001950 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44M5.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001951 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44M5.22) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001952 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B5.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001953 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B6.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001954 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B6.21) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001955 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44C5.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001956 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44C7.20) Wyeth VO_0001957 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44D5.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001958 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44D7.20) Wyeth, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001959 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44D7.22) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001960 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Mannheimia Haemolytica Bacterin (USDA: 4477.20) Wyeth VO_0001961 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4465.20) Wyeth, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Merial, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001962 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4465.21) Wyeth VO_0001963 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4465.22) Wyeth VO_0001964 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4466.20) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001965 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4466.21) Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001966 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona-Mannheimia Haemolytica Bacterin (USDA: 4475.20) Wyeth VO_0001967 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1187.20) Heska Corporation VO_0001968 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1187.21) Wyeth, Pfizer, Inc., Merial, Inc. VO_0001969 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1187.22) Merial, Inc. VO_0001970 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1187.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001971 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1189.00) Heska Corporation VO_0001972 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1189.21) Merial, Inc. VO_0001973 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1189.30) Heska Corporation VO_0001974 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B9.21) Heska Corporation VO_0001975 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B9.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001976 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44F9.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001977 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.20) Heska Corporation VO_0001978 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001979 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001980 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.30) Heska Corporation VO_0001981 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B1.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc. VO_0001982 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B1.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001983 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B1.23) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001984 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44B1.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001985 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44C9.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001986 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44C9.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001987 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44C9.23) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001988 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus Bacterin (USDA: 44C9.24) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001989 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44D9.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001990 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44D9.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001991 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44D9.23) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001992 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 44D9.24) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001993 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4461.20) Wyeth, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc., Heska Corporation VO_0001994 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4461.21) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001995 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4461.22) Wyeth, Intervet Inc. VO_0001996 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4461.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001997 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.00) Heska Corporation VO_0001998 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.01) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001999 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.23) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002000 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.24) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002001 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4469.26) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002002 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Hardjo Bacterin (USDA: 4L49.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002003 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Mannheimia Haemolytica Toxoid (USDA: 4X49.20) Wyeth VO_0002004 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Mannheimia Haemolytica Toxoid (USDA: 4X49.21) Wyeth VO_0002005 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Mannheimia Haemolytica-Pasteurella Multocida Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 45B9.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002006 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Mannheimia Haemolytica-Pasteurella Multocida Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 45B9.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002007 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza 3-Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Mannheimia Haemolytica-Pasteurella Multocida Modified Live Virus, Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 11A8.22) Intervet Inc. VO_0002008 Live vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 11A5.20) Merial, Inc. VO_0002009 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 11A1.20) Heska Corporation VO_0002010 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 11A1.26) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002011 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 11A1.30) Heska Corporation VO_0002012 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4367.20) Heska Corporation VO_0002013 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4367.26) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002014 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Rhinotracheitis-Virus Diarrhea-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4367.30) Heska Corporation VO_0002015 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1205.00) Heska Corporation VO_0001567 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1205.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Heska Corporation VO_0001568 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1205.21) Wyeth, Pfizer, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. VO_0001569 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1205.22) Wyeth VO_0001570 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1205.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001571 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Campylobacter Fetus-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 45B5.21) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002023 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Haemophilus Somnus-Mannheimia Haemolytica-Pasteurella Multocida Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 4C95.20) Texas Vet Lab, Inc. VO_0002024 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4595.21) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002025 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4595.25) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002026 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1201.00) Colorado Serum Company, Heska Corporation VO_0001572 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1201.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Heska Corporation, Texas Vet Lab, Inc. VO_0001573 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1201.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001574 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Bovine Virus Diarrhea Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4599.00) Colorado Serum Company VO_0002027 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA BVDV Inactivated Vaccine VO_0004226 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) BVDV PT810 and BVDV 890 (Beer et al., 2000). Simmental Twenty-one healthy cattle (“Simmental” breeds) seronegative to BVDV and BHV-1 and aged between 8 weeks and 7 months were used. Three groups (n=6) were vaccinated twice intramuscularly (i.m.) 28 days apart. Three calves were used as unvaccinated controls (Beer et al., 2000). Absence of viraemia (less than 10 TCID50/10^7 leukocytes) was observed in 50% of vaccinated calves (Beer et al., 2000). Thirty-eight days after the second vaccination (p. vacc.), all animals were challenged intranasally with 10^6 TCID50 BVDV PT810 in 2 ml cell culture medium. Each animal was inoculated with the diluted virus suspension using an aerosol dispenser adapted to a MUTO™ syringe. One millilitre was applied per nostril (Beer et al., 2000). Beer et al., 2000 journal Beer M, Hehnen HR, Wolfmeyer A, Poll G, Kaaden OR, Wolf G 2000 77 1-2 195-208 Veterinary microbiology Mahony et al., 2015 journal Mahony D, Mody KT, Cavallaro AS, Hu Q, Mahony TJ, Qiao S, Mitter N 2015 10 11 e0141870 PloS one Merck Vet Manual: Bovine Viral Diarrhea website http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/22103.htm