<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<VIOLIN>
	<pathogen pathogen_id="pathogen164">
		<pathogen_name>Avian Paramyxovirus</pathogen_name>
		<taxon_id>260963</taxon_id>
		<pathogenesis refs=""></pathogenesis>
		<disease_name></disease_name>
		<protective_immunity refs=""></protective_immunity>
		<host_range refs=""></host_range>
		<introduction refs="reference1600">Avian paramyxoviruses 1 through 9 are species of virus in the genera Avulavirus. Newcastle disease virus is another species in the same genus. Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) consist of nine known serotypes. The APMVs are separated into distinct serotypes using Hemagglutination_assay and Neuraminidase assay. All the APMVs hemagglutinate chicken RBCs except for APMV-5 which does not hemagglutinate any species RBC making it unique among the APMVs (Wiki: Avain paramyxovirus).</introduction>
	</pathogen>

	<host host_id="host55">
		<common_name>Baboon</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Papio cynocephalus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9556</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host43">
		<common_name>Bank vole</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Clethrionomys glareolus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>447135</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host31">
		<common_name>Bear</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Ursus americanus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9643</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host51">
		<common_name>Birds</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Passeroidea</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>175121</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host35">
		<common_name>Brown Trout</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Salmo trutta</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>8032</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host30">
		<common_name>Buffalo</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Bison bison</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9901</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host53">
		<common_name>Carnivores</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Vulpes</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9625</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host37">
		<common_name>Cat</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Felis catus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9685</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host52">
		<common_name>Catfishes</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Siluriformes</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>7995</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host12">
		<common_name>Cattle</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Bos taurus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9913</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host8">
		<common_name>Chicken</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Gallus gallus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9031</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host42">
		<common_name>Chimpanzee</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Pan troglodytes</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9598</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host26">
		<common_name>chinchillas</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Chinchillidae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10150</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host24">
		<common_name>Copper Pheasant</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Syrmaticus soemmerringii</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9067</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host29">
		<common_name>Deer</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Cervus elaphus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9860</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host32">
		<common_name>Deer mouse</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Peromyscus maniculatus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10042</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host36">
		<common_name>Dog</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Canis familiaris</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9615</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host9">
		<common_name>Ducks</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Anas</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>8835</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host19">
		<common_name>Ferret</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Mustela putorius furo</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9669</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host48">
		<common_name>Fish</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Hyperotreti</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>117565</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host41">
		<common_name>Gerbil</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Gerbillina</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10045</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host13">
		<common_name>Goat</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Capra hircus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9925</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host47">
		<common_name>Gray wolf</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Canis lupus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9612</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host7">
		<common_name>Guinea pig</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Cavia porcellus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10141</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host16">
		<common_name>Hamster</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Mesocricetus auratus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10036</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host18">
		<common_name>Horse</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Equus caballus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9796</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host2">
		<common_name>Human</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Homo sapiens</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9606</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host39">
		<common_name>Macaque</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Macaca fascicularis</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9541</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host40">
		<common_name>Mongolian Gerbil</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Meriones unguiculatus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10047</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host5">
		<common_name>Monkey</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Platyrrhini</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9479</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host3">
		<common_name>Mouse</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Mus musculus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10090</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host59">
		<common_name>None</common_name>
		<scientific_name>None</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id></taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host50">
		<common_name>Parrot</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Psittacidae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9224</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host15">
		<common_name>Pig</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Sus scrofa</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9823</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host6">
		<common_name>Rabbit</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Oryctolagus cuniculus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9986</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host45">
		<common_name>Rainbow trout</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Oncorhynchus mykiss</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>8022</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host4">
		<common_name>Rat</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Rattus</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>10114</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host34">
		<common_name>Raven</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Corvus corax</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>56781</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host54">
		<common_name>sei whale</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Balaenoptera borealis</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9768</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host17">
		<common_name>Sheep</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Ovis aries</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9940</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host28">
		<common_name>Squirrel</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Spermophilus richardsonii</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>37591</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host44">
		<common_name>Tree shrew</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Tupaiidae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9393</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host49">
		<common_name>Trouts, salmons & chars</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Salmoninae</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>504568</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host38">
		<common_name>Turkey</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Meleagris gallopavo</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>9103</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host33">
		<common_name>Vole</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Microtus ochrogaster</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>79684</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<host host_id="host27">
		<common_name>Water buffalo</common_name>
		<scientific_name>Bubalus bubalis</scientific_name>
		<taxon_id>391902</taxon_id>
    </host>
	<vaccine vaccine_id="vaccine1163">
		<vaccine_name>Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10C5.11)</vaccine_name>
		<proper_name></proper_name>
		<brand_name></brand_name>
		<manufacturer>Lohmann Animal Health International</manufacturer>
		<vo_id>VO_0001603</vo_id>
		<type>Inactivated or "killed" vaccine</type>
		<status>Licensed</status>
		<vector></vector>
		<route></route>
		<location_licensed>USA</location_licensed>
		<description refs=""></description>
		<adjuvant refs=""></adjuvant>
		<storage refs=""></storage>
		<virulence refs=""></virulence>
		<preparation refs=""></preparation>
		<route refs=""></route>
		<antigen refs=""></antigen>
	</vaccine>
	<vaccine vaccine_id="vaccine1162">
		<vaccine_name>Avian Paramyxovirus Type 3, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10C5.10)</vaccine_name>
		<proper_name></proper_name>
		<brand_name></brand_name>
		<manufacturer>Lohmann Animal Health International</manufacturer>
		<vo_id>VO_0001604</vo_id>
		<type>Inactivated or "killed" vaccine</type>
		<status>Licensed</status>
		<vector></vector>
		<route></route>
		<location_licensed>USA</location_licensed>
		<description refs=""></description>
		<adjuvant refs=""></adjuvant>
		<storage refs=""></storage>
		<virulence refs=""></virulence>
		<preparation refs=""></preparation>
		<route refs=""></route>
		<antigen refs=""></antigen>
	</vaccine>
	<vaccine vaccine_id="vaccine3046">
		<vaccine_name>Inactivated PMV-3 Vaccine with Specol</vaccine_name>
		<proper_name></proper_name>
		<brand_name></brand_name>
		<manufacturer></manufacturer>
		<vo_id>VO_0004222</vo_id>
		<type>Inactivated or "killed" vaccine</type>
		<status>Research</status>
		<vector></vector>
		<route>Intramuscular injection (i.m.)</route>
		<location_licensed></location_licensed>
		<description refs=""></description>
		<adjuvant refs=""></adjuvant>
		<storage refs=""></storage>
		<virulence refs=""></virulence>
		<preparation refs=""></preparation>
		<route refs="">Intramuscular injection (i.m.)</route>
		<antigen refs="reference1835">formalin inactivated PMV-3 strain 1388/84 (Beck et al., 2003).</antigen>
		<host_response host_response_id="host_response878" host_id="host8">
			<immune_response refs="reference1835">The adjuvant Specol was that of the highest efficacy in chicken and produced only medium-sized inflammations on the CAM (Beck et al., 2003).</immune_response>
			<host_strain refs=""></host_strain>
			<vaccination_protocol refs="reference1835">The cockerels of each test group were vaccinated twice at an interval of 4 weeks. The first vaccination was carried out by the i.m. route, the booster vaccination was given by the s.c. route. After the vaccination, all animals were observed daily for clinical signs for the period of 8 weeks. The site of vaccine injection has been controlled weekly to assess local side effects (Beck et al., 2003).</vaccination_protocol>
			<persistence refs=""></persistence>
			<immune_response_type refs=""></immune_response_type>
			<immune_response_type refs=""></immune_response_type>
			<protection_efficacy refs=""></protection_efficacy>
			<side_effects refs=""></side_effects>
			<challenge_protocol refs=""></challenge_protocol>
			<description refs=""></description>
		</host_response>
	</vaccine>
	<vaccine vaccine_id="vaccine2073">
		<vaccine_name>Newcastle-Paramyxovirus Type 3, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17P5.10)</vaccine_name>
		<proper_name></proper_name>
		<brand_name></brand_name>
		<manufacturer>Lohmann Animal Health International</manufacturer>
		<vo_id>VO_0002184</vo_id>
		<type>Inactivated or "killed" vaccine</type>
		<status>Licensed</status>
		<vector></vector>
		<route></route>
		<location_licensed>USA</location_licensed>
		<description refs=""></description>
		<adjuvant refs=""></adjuvant>
		<storage refs=""></storage>
		<virulence refs=""></virulence>
		<preparation refs=""></preparation>
		<route refs=""></route>
		<antigen refs=""></antigen>
	</vaccine>
	<reference reference_id="reference1835">
		<reference_name>Beck et al., 2003</reference_name>
		<reference_type>journal</reference_type>
		<authors>Beck I, Gerlach H, Burkhardt E, Kaleta EF</authors>
		<title>Investigation of several selected adjuvants regarding their efficacy and side effects for the production of a vaccine for parakeets to prevent a disease caused by a paramyxovirus type 3</title>
		<year>2003</year>
		<volume>21</volume>
		<issue>9-10</issue>
		<pages>1006-1022</pages>
		<journal_book_name>Vaccine</journal_book_name>
		<publisher></publisher>
		<publisher_location></publisher_location>
		<book_editors></book_editors>
		<isbn></isbn>
		<university></university>
		<university_location></university_location>
		<degree></degree>
		<url></url>
		<file_name></file_name>
	</reference>
	<reference reference_id="reference1600">
		<reference_name>Wiki: Avain paramyxovirus</reference_name>
		<reference_type>website</reference_type>
		<authors></authors>
		<title>Wiki: Avain paramyxovirus</title>
		<year></year>
		<volume></volume>
		<issue></issue>
		<pages></pages>
		<journal_book_name></journal_book_name>
		<publisher></publisher>
		<publisher_location></publisher_location>
		<book_editors></book_editors>
		<isbn></isbn>
		<university></university>
		<university_location></university_location>
		<degree></degree>
		<url>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_paramyxovirus</url>
		<file_name></file_name>
	</reference>
</VIOLIN>


