Flavobacterium columnare 996 Columnaris Flavobacterium columnare is a long Gram-negative rod in the family Flavobacteriaceae, one of the main phyletic lines within the Bacteroidetes group from the domain Bacteria. Several species in Flavobacteriaceae cause disease in fish. F. columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease, which exists both in fresh and brackish water throughout the world. Outbreaks may result in high mortality, especially during spring and autumn, and are most likely associated with poor environmental conditions causing stress. Stressful conditions are common in commercial aquaculture where production is kept at maximum levels. Columnaris disease generally begins as an external infection on the skin, fins, gills, or oral cavity. On the skin and fins, lesions are characterized by dull, grayish-white or yellow erosive lesions that can progress to deep ulcers in the underlying muscle. External infection often is concurrent with systemic infection and subacute mortalities. In some cases, systemic infection with little or no visible external or internal pathological signs may occur. F. columnare infections can be chronic, but more often, the disease appears suddenly and causes mortalities within a few days (Dumpala et al., 2010). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Flavobacterium Columnare Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 17F1.00) Intervet Inc. VO_0001740 Live vaccine Licensed USA Dumpala et al., 2010 journal Dumpala PR, Gülsoy N, Lawrence ML, Karsi A 2010 8 26 Proteome science