Feline immunodeficiency virus 11673 FIV can attack the immune system of cats, much like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can attack the immune system of human beings. FIV infects many cell types in its host, including CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. FIV can be tolerated well by cats, but can eventually lead to debilitation of the immune system in its feline hosts by the infection and exhaustion of T-helper (CD4+) cells (Wiki: Feline Immunodeficincy Virus). Feline AIDS Felines Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that affects domesticated housecats worldwide and is the causative agent of feline AIDS. From 2.5% up to 4.4% of cats worldwide, and about 2.5% of cats in the USA, are infected with FIV. FIV differs taxonomically from two other feline retroviruses, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline foamy virus (FFV), and is more closely related to human immunodeficiency virus HIV. Within FIV, five subtypes have been identified based on nucleotide sequence differences coding for the viral envelope (env) or polymerase (pol). FIV is the only non-primate lentivirus to cause an AIDS-like syndrome, but FIV is not typically fatal for cats, as they can live relatively healthily as carriers and transmitters of the disease for many years. A vaccine is available although its efficacy remains uncertain, and cats will test positive for FIV antibodies after vaccination. FIV was first discovered in 1986 in a colony of cats that had a high prevalence of opportunistic infections and degenerative conditions, and has since been identified as an endemic disease in domestic cat populations worldwide (Wiki: Feline Immunodeficincy Virus). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15A5.21) Wyeth VO_0001542 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15A5.23) Wyeth VO_0001543 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Feline immunodeficiency virus ORF-A mutant vaccine VO_0002959 Live, attenuated vaccine Research subcutaneous injection subcutaneous injection Gene mutation This ORF-A mutant is from Feline immunodeficiency virus (Pistello et al., 2005). An ORF-A is attenuated in cats (Pistello et al., 2005). An ORF-A mutant induces protection from challenge with wild type FIV (Pistello et al., 2005). Feline immunodeficiency virus recombinant vector vaccine FIVΔRT VO_0004550 Recombinant vector vaccine Research replication-defective FIV [Ref2671:Hosie et al., 1998] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) IFN-gamma (Hosie et al., 1998) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) The bias toward CTL induction rather than antibody production in response to inoculation with FIVΔRT suggested that intramuscular administration of the FIVΔRT DNA generated primarily a Th1-type immune response (Hosie et al., 1998). Kittens, which were 12 weeks old, were randomized into groups of five for immunization. DNA was administered at four sites in the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles (100 μg of each DNA in a total of 200 μl of PBS at each site) (Hosie et al., 1998). VO_0003057 At 6, 9, and 12 weeks postchallenge, one of five FIVΔRT vaccinates and three of five FIVΔRT-plus-IFN-γ vaccinates remained virus free. In contrast, virus was isolated consistently from all of the control cats (IFN-γ alone and no-DNA control groups) at 6, 9, and 12 weeks postchallenge (Hosie et al., 1998). The cats were challenged with the homologous F-14 molecular clone of the FIV-PET isolate that had been subjected to titer determination by intraperitoneal inoculation of age-matched cats to calculate the 50% infectious dose (Hosie et al., 1998). Feline immunodeficiency virus vif mutant vaccine VO_0002960 Live, attenuated vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Gene mutation This vif mutant is from feline immunodeficiency virus (Lockridge et al., 2000). A vif mutant is attenuated in cats (Lockridge et al., 2000). A vif mutant induces significant protection in cats from challenge with wild type FIV (Lockridge et al., 2000). Feline Immunodeficiency-Leukemia Virus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15D5.R0) Wyeth VO_0001841 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA ORF-A Feline immunodeficiency virus 1724707 9626705 FIVgp4 M25381 NP_040975 11673 5991 6227 + hypothetical protein 9.29 9252.28 78 >gi|9626701:5991-6227 Feline immunodeficiency virus, complete genome AATGGAAGACATAATAGTATTATTCAATAGGGTCACTGAGAAACTAGAAAAAGAATTAGCTATCAGAATA TTTGTATTAGCACATCAATTAGAAAGGGACAAAGCTATTAGATTACTACAAGGATTATTTTGGAGATATA GATTTAAGAAACCCCGAGTAGATTATTGTTTATGTTGGTGGTGTTGCAAATTCTATTATTGGCAGTTGCA ATCTACATTATCAATAACTACTGCTTA >gi|9626705|ref|NP_040975.1| hypothetical protein FIVgp4 [Feline immunodeficiency virus] MEDIIVLFNRVTEKLEKELAIRIFVLAHQLERDKAIRLLQGLFWRYRFKKPRVDYCLCWWCCKFYYWQLQ STLSITTA Virmugen Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) made defective in the accessory gene ORF-A were previously shown to be greatly attenuated in its ability to replicate in lymphocytes but to grow normally or near normally in other cell types. 3/9 vaccinees (cats) showed no evidence of the challenge virus over a 15-month observation period. In the other vaccinees, the challenge virus was predominant for various periods of time, but pre-existing viral loads and CD4 lymphocyte counts were either unaffected or altered only marginally and transiently [Ref1790:Pistello et al., 2005]. vif Feline immunodeficiency virus 1724709 9626704 FIVgp3 M25381 NP_040974 11673 5235 5990 + hypothetical protein 9.76 27946.34 251 >gi|9626701:5235-5990 Feline immunodeficiency virus, complete genome GATGAGTGAAGAAGATTGGCAGGTAAGTAGAAGACTCTTTGCAGTGCTCCAAGGAGGAGTAAATAGCGCT ATGCTATACATATCTAGGCTACCTCCGGATGAAAGAGAAAAGTATAAAAAAGACTTCAAGAAAAGACTTT TTGACACAGAAACAGGATTTATAAAGAGACTACGGAAAGCTGAAGGAATAAAATGGAGCTTTCATACTAG AGATTATTACATAGGATATGTCAGAGAAATGGTGGCAGGATCCACTACATCATTAAGTCTAAGGATGTAT ATATATATAAGTAACCCACTATGGCATTCTCAGTATCGTCCAGGTTTGAAAAATTTCAATAAGGAATGGC CTTTTGTAAATATGTGGATAAAAACAGGATTTATGTGGGATGATATTGAAAAACAAAATATTTGTATAGG AGGAGAAGTTTCACCAGGATGGGGACCAGGGATGGTAGGTATAGCAATAAAAGCTTTTAGTTGTGGCGAA AGAAAGATTGAGGCTACTCCTGTAATGATTATAAGAGGAGAAATAGATCCAAAAAAATGGTGCGGAGATT GTTGGAATTTAATGTGTCTTAGAAACTCACCTCCAAAGACTTTACAAAGACTCGCTATGTTGGCGTGTGG CGTGCCGGCTAAGAAGTGGCGAGGATGCTGTAATCAACGCTTTGTTTCTCCTTACAGAACGCCTGCTGAT TTAGAGGTCATTCAATCCAAGCCCAGCTGGAACCTGTTATGGTCGGGAGAATTATG >gi|9626704|ref|NP_040974.1| hypothetical protein FIVgp3 [Feline immunodeficiency virus] MSEEDWQVSRRLFAVLQGGVNSAMLYISRLPPDEREKYKKDFKKRLFDTETGFIKRLRKAEGIKWSFHTR DYYIGYVREMVAGSTTSLSLRMYIYISNPLWHSQYRPGLKNFNKEWPFVNMWIKTGFMWDDIEKQNICIG GEVSPGWGPGMVGIAIKAFSCGERKIEATPVMIIRGEIDPKKWCGDCWNLMCLRNSPPKTLQRLAMLACG VPAKKWRGCCNQRFVSPYRTPADLEVIQSKPSWNLLWSGEL Virmugen A vif mutant in feline immunodeficiency virus was attenuated and FIV-pPPRΔvif proviral DNA protected cats against challenge with the homologous FIV-PPR biological isolate. [Ref1987:Lockridge et al., 2000]. Lockridge et al., 2000 journal Lockridge KM, Chien M, Dean GA, Stefano Cole K, Montelaro RC, Luciw PA, Sparger EE 2000 273 1 67-79 Virology Pistello et al., 2005 journal Pistello M, Bonci F, Isola P, Mazzetti P, Merico A, Zaccaro L, Matteucci D, Bendinelli M 2005 332 2 676-690 Virology Wiki: Feline Immunodeficincy Virus website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus