Feline calicivirus
11978
Cats can be infected with FCV via the nasal, oral or conjunctival routes. The virus replicates mainly in the oral and respiratory tissues, although some strains vary in their tissue tropisms and pathogenicity, such that virus has also been found in visceral tissues, feces and occasionally in urine. The significance of this to transmission is unknown but is thought to be minimal. Oral ulceration is the most consistent pathological feature of FCV-induced oral and upper respiratory tract disease. Ulcers begin as vesicles, typically on the margin of the tongue but also in other locations. These subsequently rupture, with necrosis of the overlying epithelium and infiltration of neutrophils at the periphery and base. Healing generally takes place over a period of two to three weeks. Pulmonary lesions occur more rarely and appear to result from an initial focal alveolitis, leading to areas of acute exudative pneumonia and then to the development of a proliferative, interstitial pneumonia. Lesions seen in joints of cats with FCV associated lameness consist of an acute synovitis with thickening of the synovial membrane and an increase in quantity of synovial fluid within the joint. FCV can also cause systemic disease (Radford et al., 2007).
Feline Respiratory Infections
The immune response has a somewhat limited impact on FCV infection. It is clear that pre-existing immunity, acquired either naturally as maternal-derived antibodies (MDA) or artificially following vaccination, can reduce or eliminate the clinical signs of subsequent FCV challenge. However, such pre-existing immunity does not prevent infection and these animals may become carriers following sub-clinical infection with field virus (Radford et al., 2007).
Feline calicivirus infection is widespread in the general cat population. It is generally accepted that there are no known reservoirs or alternative hosts for FCV, and in utero transmission does not seem to occur (Radford et al., 2007).
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly infectious pathogen of cats with a widespread distribution in the feline population. The virus typically causes
moderate, self-limiting acute oral and upper respiratory tract disease. However,some strains induce lameness and recently, more virulent strains have evolved, particularly in the USA. The virus belongs to the Caliciviridae, a family of viruses which includes important pathogens of man and animals. Feline calicivirus has a small single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 7.7 kb. Being genetically diverse, FCV is associated with a range of clinical syndromes from inapparent infections to relatively mild oral and upper respiratory tract disease with or without acute lameness. A proportion of FCV infected cats that recover from acute disease, remain persistently infected. Vaccination against FCV has been available for many years and has effectively reduced the incidence of clinical disease (Radford et al., 2007).
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Feline Calicivirus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15C5.21)
Wyeth
VO_0001540
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Calicivirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15C1.22)
Heska Corporation
VO_0001541
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15B5.20)
Wyeth
VO_0001843
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15B5.21)
Wyeth
VO_0001844
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15B9.20)
Intervet Inc.
VO_0001845
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15B9.21)
Wyeth
VO_0001846
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Killed Virus, Killed Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 1559.20)
Wyeth
VO_0001847
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Killed Virus, Killed Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 1559.23)
Wyeth
VO_0001848
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live & Killed Virus, Killed Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 1559.2C)
Wyeth
VO_0001849
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Leukemia-Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live & Killed Virus, Modified Live Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 1559.2B)
Intervet Inc.
VO_0001850
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live Virus, Modified Live Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16F1.20)
Pfizer, Inc.
VO_0001851
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live Virus, Modified Live Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16F1.21)
Merial, Inc.
VO_0001852
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D5.20)
Wyeth
VO_0001853
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D5.23)
Wyeth
VO_0001854
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D9.20)
Intervet Inc.
VO_0001855
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D1.20)
Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc.
VO_0001856
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D1.22)
Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Heska Corporation
VO_0001857
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D1.23)
Intervet Inc.
VO_0001858
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D1.24)
Intervet Inc.
VO_0001859
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D8.20)
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
VO_0001860
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16D8.21)
Merial, Inc.
VO_0001861
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Killed Virus, Killed Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16E5.20)
Wyeth
VO_0001862
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Killed Virus, Killed Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16E5.23)
Wyeth
VO_0001863
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live Virus, Killed Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16E6.20)
Wyeth
VO_0001864
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live Virus, Modified Live Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16E1.20)
Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc.
VO_0001865
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live Virus, Modified Live Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16E1.24)
Intervet Inc.
VO_0001866
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci Modified Live Virus, Modified Live Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 16E8.20)
Merial, Inc.
VO_0001867
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci-Rabies Modified Live & Killed Virus, Modified Live Chlamydia Vaccine (USDA: 1619.20)
Merial, Inc.
VO_0001868
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Chlamydia Psittaci-Rabies Modified Live Virus and Chlamydia, Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1619.R1)
Merial, Inc.
VO_0001869
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Rabies Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16T9.20)
Intervet Inc., Merial, Inc.
VO_0001870
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calici-Panleukopenia-Rabies Modified Live Virus, Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 16T9.R0)
Merial, Inc.
VO_0001871
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calicivirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16C1.20)
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Merial, Inc.
VO_0001872
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calicivirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16C1.21)
Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc.
VO_0001873
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Feline Rhinotracheitis-Calicivirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 16C1.22)
Wyeth, Heska Corporation
VO_0001874
Live, attenuated vaccine
Licensed
USA
Myxoma-FCV
VO_0004707
Recombinant vector vaccine
Research
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Cats immunised with myxoma-FCV recombinant virus generated high levels of serum neutralising antibody (McCabe et al., 2002).
VO_0003057
Cats immunised with myxoma-FCV recombinant virus were protected from disease on subsequent challenge with virulent FCV (McCabe et al., 2002).
McCabe and Spibey, 2005
journal
McCabe VJ, Spibey N
Potential for broad-spectrum protection against feline calicivirus using an attenuated myxoma virus expressing a chimeric FCV capsid protein
2005
23
46-47
5380-5388
Vaccine
McCabe et al., 2002
journal
McCabe VJ, Tarpey I, Spibey N
Vaccination of cats with an attenuated recombinant myxoma virus expressing feline calicivirus capsid protein
2002
20
19-20
2454-2462
Vaccine
Radford et al., 2007
journal
Radford AD, Coyne KP, Dawson S, Porter CJ, Gaskell RM
Feline calicivirus
2007
38
2
319-335
Veterinary research