Leishmania infantum 5671 The parasites are transmitted by the bite of sandflies and the infecting promastigotes differentiate into and replicate as amastigotes within macrophages in the mammalian host (Goto et al., 2007). Infantile visceral leishmaniasis In common with other intracellular pathogens, cellular immune responses are critical for protection against leishmaniasis. Th1 immune responses play an important role in mediating protection against Leishmania, including roles for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α and NO, whereas inhibitory effects have been reported for IL-10 and TGF-β (Goto et al., 2007). Wild canids and domestic dogs are the natural reservoir of L. infantum, and the parasite is vectored by sandflies which pass on infection when they bite mammals including humans (Goto et al., 2007). Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean region of the Old World and in Latin America, where it has been called Leishmania chagasi. It is also an unusual cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Wild canids and domestic dogs are the natural reservoir of this organism. L. infantum is closely-related to L. donovani and some authors believe that these two species are so close as to actually be subspecies of each other, however phylogenetic analyses can distinguish between these two groups (Wiki: Leishmania infantum). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 A2-CPA-CPB(-CTE)-recombinant L. tarentolae VO_0004628 Recombinant vector vaccine Research [Ref3081:Saljoughian et al., 2013] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Recombinant L. tarentolae expressing the L. donovani A2 antigen along with cysteine proteinases (CPA and CPB without its unusual C-terminal extension (CPB(-CTE))) as a tri-fusion gene (Saljoughian et al., 2013). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Group 1 (DNA cSLN/Live) immunized with pcDNA-A2-CPA-CPB-CTE-cSLN (50 µg of pcDNA-A2-CPA-CPB-CTE formulated by cSLN nanoparticles as a chemical delivery as previously described [59] as a prime and with 2×10^7 recombinant L. tarentolae A2-CPA-CPB-CTE as a boost; group 2 (L. tarentolae Live A2-CPA-CPB-CTE/L. tarentolae Live A2-CPA-CPB-CTE) vaccinated with 2×10^7 recombinant L. tarentolae-A2-CPA-CPB-CTE as prime and boost; group 3 (PBS as a control); group 4 [(empty vector pcDNA-cSLN (prime)/Live L. tarentolae wild type (boost) as a control)]; and group 5 (L. tarentolae Live/L. tarentolae Live) vaccinated with 2×10^7 L. tarentolae wild type as prime and boost and used as a control. All groups were immunized via footpad (Saljoughian et al., 2013). VO_0003057 Our results showed that immunization with both prime-boost A2-CPA-CPB(-CTE)-recombinant L. tarentolae protects BALB/c mice against L. infantum challenge (Saljoughian et al., 2013). Three weeks after the last immunization, all animals were challenged with 10^7 stationary phase L. infantum promastigotes by lateral tail vein (Saljoughian et al., 2013). L. infantum H1 protein vaccine VO_0011350 Subunit vaccine Research Intradermal injection (i.d.) Montanideâ„¢ ISA 720 (70% formulation, according to manufacturer's instructions, SEPPIC) Intradermal injection (i.d.) L. infantum histone H1 Recombinant protein preparation The histone H1 and HASPB1 proteins were purified from endotoxins under pyrogenic free conditions in 1× PBS on a Superose 12 column (Amersham Biosciences) (Moreno et al., 2007). Beagle Dogs received three intradermal doses (dorsum; 1 ml/dose) of each vaccine formulation for a period of 3 months. On day 0, dogs from group HASPB1 and group H1 received 100 μg of HASPB1 or histone H1 protein. On days 30 and 60 the dogs received 45 μg of either protein. Dogs in group HASPB1 + H1 received a cocktail of histone H1 and HASPB1 (100 μg each) at day 0, and 45 μg of each protein on days 30 and 60. The adjuvant used for dogs in groups HASPB1, H1 and HASPB1 + H1 was Montanideâ„¢ ISA 720 (70% formulation, according to manufacturer's instructions, SEPPIC), given on days 0 and 30. The final immunization on day 60 for groups HASPB1, H1, and HASPB1 + H1 was prepared in the absence of adjuvant to avoid side effects observed following the second dose (Moreno et al., 2007). Following infection with L. infantum promastigotes, five out of eight beagle dogs immunized with H1 Montanide remained free of clinical signs, compared to two out of eight dogs in the control group. The results demonstrate that H1 antigens with Montanide were able to induce partial protection against canine leishmaniasis, even under extreme experimental challenge conditions (Moreno et al., 2007). Forty-five days following the final immunization, all dogs were infected intravenously with 1 × 10^8 virulent L. infantum promastigotes (Moreno et al., 2007). L. infantum HASPB1 protein vaccine VO_0011351 Subunit vaccine Research Intradermal injection (i.d.) Montanideâ„¢ ISA 720 (70% formulation, according to manufacturer's instructions, SEPPIC) Intradermal injection (i.d.) L. infantum HASPB1 Recombinant protein preparation The L. infantum histone H1 was cloned into the pGEX-KG vector (Amersham Biosciences), expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using GST affinity resin (Amersham Biosciences) (Moreno et al., 2007). Beagle Dogs received three intradermal doses (dorsum; 1 ml/dose) of each vaccine formulation for a period of 3 months. On day 0, dogs from group HASPB1 and group H1 received 100 μg of HASPB1 or histone H1 protein. On days 30 and 60 the dogs received 45 μg of either protein. Dogs in group HASPB1 + H1 received a cocktail of histone H1 and HASPB1 (100 μg each) at day 0, and 45 μg of each protein on days 30 and 60. The adjuvant used for dogs in groups HASPB1, H1 and HASPB1 + H1 was Montanideâ„¢ ISA 720 (70% formulation, according to manufacturer's instructions, SEPPIC), given on days 0 and 30. The final immunization on day 60 for groups HASPB1, H1, and HASPB1 + H1 was prepared in the absence of adjuvant to avoid side effects observed following the second dose (Moreno et al., 2007). Following infection with L. infantum promastigotes, four out of eight beagle dogs immunized with HASPB1 Montanide remained free of clinical signs, compared to two out of eight dogs in the control group. The results demonstrate that HASPB1 antigens with Montanide were able to induce partial protection against canine leishmaniasis, even under extreme experimental challenge conditions (Moreno et al., 2007). Forty-five days following the final immunization, all dogs were infected intravenously with 1 × 10^8 virulent L. infantum promastigotes (Moreno et al., 2007). L. infantum SMT Protein Vaccine VO_0004066 Subunit vaccine Research subcutaneous injection 20 μg of MPL®-SE (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensant, Belgium) (Goto et al., 2007). subcutaneous injection Recombinant protein preparation C57BL/6 Mice were immunized with 10 μg of rSMT plus 20 μg of MPL®-SE in a volume of 0.1 ml. Another group of mice was administrated with 10 μg of rSMT alone. Control groups received either saline or MPL®-SE alone. The mice were immunized subcutaneously three times at three weeks intervals in the right hind footpad and at the base of the tail (Goto et al., 2007). Significant reduction of parasites was seen in mice immunized with rSMT plus MPL®-SE compared with those in saline or adjuvant alone groups. The immunized mice showed 43-fold and 55-fold reduction in the number of parasites in spleens, 111-fold and 117-fold reduction in livers compared with saline and adjuvant alone groups, respectively (Goto et al., 2007). Mice were challenged with L. infantum three weeks after the last immunization. 5 × 10^6 L. infantum promastigotes were suspended in Hank's balanced salt solution and injected i.v. into the tail vein of the mouse (Goto et al., 2007). Leishmania infantum HSP70 II mutant vaccine VO_0003006 Live, attenuated vaccine Research Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) The HSP70-II null mutant (∆hsp70-II::NEO/∆hsp70-II::HYG) is a cloned line that was generated by targeted deletion of both HSP70-II alleles in the L. infantum strain MCAN/ES/96/BCN150 [32]. L. major promastigote (strain MHOM/IL/80/Friedlin; clon V1) were also used in this study. Promastigotes of both species were grown in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with 10% heatinactivated FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin (Carrion et al., 2011). Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) Gene mutation BALB/c mouse L. infantum parasites lacking the HSP70-II gene have a virulence greatly reduced (Carrion et al., 2011). Inoculation of ∆HSP70-II parasites protects BALB/c mice against L. major challenge (Carrion et al., 2011). The IgG2a titers were high for all groups with differing inoculation routes, suggesting that infection with ΔHSP70-II parasites, independent of the inoculation route, leads to a predominant production of anti-Leishmania antibodies of the IgG2a isotope. Antibody titers were determined by ELISA before and 4 weeks after inoculation and showed an increase between the two samples. IgG2a titers were significantly higher than IgG1 titers (Carrion et al., 2011). licensed visceral leishmaniasis human vaccine Generic Unknown VO_0012159 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed A generic representation of vaccines utilized to prevent infantile visceral leishmaniasis in humans, typically employing inactivated Leishmania parasites to stimulate protective immunity without causing disease. pcDNA3-LiP0 DNA Vaccine encoding LIPO-A Protein of L. infantum VO_0004197 DNA vaccine Research Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3 (Invitrogen, San Diego, Calif.) [Ref1340:Iborra et al., 2003] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) LiP0 DNA vaccine construction BALB/c In DNA immunization experiments, mice were inoculated twice intramuscularly (i.m.) in both quadriceps with 100 μg of DNA (50 μg per leg) of either pcDNA3-LiP0 or pcDNA3 (controls) in a total volume of 100 μl of PBS. When “prime-boost” immunization was carried out, two inoculations of DNA and two inoculations of recombinant protein were administered. In all groups, the mice were inoculated at 2-week intervals (Iborra et al., 2003). Three weeks after challenge, the parasite burden was found to be significantly lower in mice vaccinated with pcDNA3-LiP0 than in controls. Mice vaccinated with LiP0-DNA had a 99.1% reduction in the parasite burden 3 weeks after infection compared with mice vaccinated with control DNA (Iborra et al., 2003). Two weeks after the final inoculation, immunized mice were challenged with 5 × 10^4 stationary-phase promastigotes of L. major that were suspended in 50 μl of PBS and injected into the left hind footpad (Iborra et al., 2003). VVr expressing L. infantum P36/LACK VO_0004198 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Recombinant vaccinia virus (VVr) derived from the wild-type Western Reserve strain (WR) [Ref1341:Gonzalo et al., 2001]. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) L. infantum p36/LACK protein Recombinant vector construction The gene encoding L. infantum p36/LACK protein was expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus, and co-expressed murine IL-12 (Gonzalo et al., 2001). BALB/c Mice were primed with VVr (5 × 10^7 PFU/mouse) by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Two weeks later (14 days p.i.), animals were boosted with VVr or recombinant p36 antigen (Gonzalo et al., 2001). BALB/c mice immunized with a DNA vector expressing p36/LACK of Leishmania infantum followed by a booster with VVp36/LACK induced significant protection against Leishmania major infection (Gonzalo et al., 2001). 35 days p.i., mice were challenged in the right hind foot with 10^5 of L. major stationary-phase promastigote culture (Gonzalo et al., 2001). H1 Leishmania infantum VO_0011285 5070063 78146499 78146500 ABB22792.1 5671 ? histone H1 12.41 10687.41 155 L.infH1 >gi|78146499|gb|DQ232891.1| Leishmania infantum histone H1 gene, complete cds ATGTCCTCTGATTCCGCCGTTGCTGCCCTTTCCGCTGCCATGACCTCGCCGCAGAAGTCTCCTCGCTCGT CGCCGAAGAAGACGGCTGCGAAGAAGGCCGCGGCGAAGAAGGCCGCGGCGAAGAAGGCCGGGGCGAAGAA GGCCGGGGCGAAGAAGGCGGTGAGGAAGGTGGCTACGCCGAAGAAGCCGGCGAAGAAGGCTGCGAAGAAG GCCGCGAAGAAGCCGGCGAAGAAGGTCGCGAAGAAGCCGGCGAAGAAGGCTGCGAAGAAGCCGGCGAAGA AGCCGGCGAAGAAGGCTGCGAAGAAGGCCGCGGCGAAGAAGTAA >ABB22792.1 histone H1 [Leishmania infantum] MSSDSAVAALSAAMTSPQKSPRSSPKKTAAKKAAAKKAAAKKAGAKKAGAKKAVRKVATPKKPAKKAAKK AAKKPAKKVAKKPAKKAAKKPAKKPAKKAAKKAAAKK Protective antigen Following infection with L. infantum promastigotes, five out of eight beagle dogs immunized with H1 Montanide remained free of clinical signs, compared to two out of eight dogs in the control group. The results demonstrate that H1 antigens with Montanide were able to induce partial protection against canine leishmaniasis, even under extreme experimental challenge conditions [Ref1342:Moreno et al., 2007]. HASPB1 Leishmania infantum VO_0011286 5069221 3724133 3724134 CAA09789.1 CDD:273344 UniProtKB/TrEMBL:O77301 5661 ? HASPB1 protein 4.47 42746.61 457 K+-dependent Na+/Ca+ exchanger; TIGR00927 >gi|3724133|emb|AJ011810.1| Leishmania donovani HASPB1 gene ATGGGAACTTCTTGTACAAAGGACTCCGCAAAGGAGCCCCAGAAGCGTGCTGATAACATCCATAAAACCA CTGAGGCCAATCACGGAGGCGCCACTGGTGTGCCCCCGAAGCACACCGGCAGTGCGATGAACGACTCTGC CCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAA AATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACG GCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGG CCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAA AATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACG GCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGG CCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAA AATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACG GCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGG CCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAA AATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGACG GCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGG CCCTAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAAAATGACGGCGATGGCCCGAAGGAGGACGGCCATACACAGAAA AATGACGGCGATGGCCCTAAGGAGGGTGAGAATCTGCAGCAAAACGATGGGGATGCGCAGGAGAAGAACG AAGATGGACACAACGTGGGGGATGGAGCTAACGGCAATGAGGATGGTAACGATGATCAGCCGAAGGAGCA CGCTGCCGGCAACTAG >CAA09789.1 HASPB1 protein [Leishmania donovani] MGTSCTKDSAKEPQKRADNIHKTTEANHGGATGVPPKHTGSAMNDSAPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQK NDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQK NDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQK NDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQK NDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQKNDGDGPKEDGHTQK NDGDGPKEGENLQQNDGDAQEKNEDGHNVGDGANGNEDGNDDQPKEHAAGN Protective antigen Following infection with L. infantum promastigotes, four out of eight beagle dogs immunized with HASPB1 Montanide remained free of clinical signs, compared to two out of eight dogs in the control group. The results demonstrate that HASPB1 antigens with Montanide were able to induce partial protection against canine leishmaniasis, even under extreme experimental challenge conditions [Ref1342:Moreno et al., 2007]. HSP70 II Leishmania infantum JPCM5 5073319 146101862 LINJ_35_4220 FR796467 XP_001469224 435258 35 1642294 1644234 ? 5.06 65055.03 646 >gi|339899319:1642294-1644234 Leishmania infantum JPCM5 chromosome 35, complete sequence AATGAATCGACACAACAAGTTCTACGCTGAGGTGGCTGGCGAGTTGGAGGGGGACGACTACTACGGTGAC GACGACGACTACAACTATGATGAAGAGTACGAGGAGGAGGGGGAGTACGACGAGGCAGCGTACGAGGCCA CAGCGAGTGCGGCGCCGCCTGAACCGGCGCACATGTCCGAAAGCACCGCTCAGGCCACTGCGTCCGCCGC TCCGGCCGTGCGCGTTAACCCGTACACAACGATATCGCCGCAGGTGGACGATGACTACGAGCTGCTCGAC ATGCTGTTGCCGCAGCTGCACGCCTTGTGGAAAGCAAGTGCACCGACGATGCTGCCGCTCTCGGAGGGCG AGGCGGTCACGGCACTTCGGGCAAGCAACTACGACGTCGAGCCCGCCTTCCTGCAACTCAAAGAAAAGCG AGACGAGGAGCGCTCCAAGCGCGGCGGCGGCGTCCTGAAGGTCACCGCAGCTGCTGGACCCGCGAACCGG GCATCCACTTTTCCAGCTGTCGAGTCACCCGAACCCGGCGGCGAGGAGGCGAGCGATAACGAGGGCAACT CTGCATCGCCGAGCGCGAGTTCTGGCCGCACCACGACCACCTTGAGGGGCTCGAAGGGCACATCGCAGCG ACGCACGAAGCAGATGCTAGAGATGGAACCGGACAAGGAGAAGCCGGACTGCACGTTTGTGATTGCCGGC CACGTCGATGCCGGAAAGAGCACCACGCTGGGCCACCTCCTCCTGCTCTTGGGCCGCGTTAGCATCCAGG ATGTCGAGAGAAACGAAAAAGCAGACCGCACGCACCGCAAGGACTCCTTCAAGTACGCCTGGCTGCTGGA CCAGTGTGAGGAGGAGCGGCGCCGTGGCGTCACCATCGACTCCGGCTCTTTCTGCTTCGAAACGGAGCAC CGTCGCGTGCACATCCTCGATGCCCCAGGGCACAAGGACTTTGTGCTCAGCATGATCAGCAGTGCCACCC AGGCCGATGCTGCCTTGCTCGTCGTGACGGCGGCCACCTCCGAGTTCGAGACGGGGCTGCACCACGGTAC CAAGTCTCATCTTCTGGTCTTGAAAACGCTCGGCGTCGGGTCCATTGTCGTCGCCGTCAACAAGATGGAC GCCGTCGCCTATTCACAGGAGCGCTACGACTACGTGGTGCGGGAGCTGCAGCTCCTGCTCAAGCAGACCC GCATCCCGGAGGAAGCCATCATCGGCTTTTGCCCCATTAGTGGCATGGCAGGCGTCAACATCACTCAGCG GGGCGCCAAGGAGACGCCTTGGTACCACGATCTCAGCTTGATCGAGATGATTGACAAGTGTCCGTTGGAG AGTCGCCTGCTGAACAGACCGCTGCGCCTGAGTCTGCAAGACGTGCAGGGCACCACCCTCTACGCCAAGG TCGAGAGCGGAAGGCTCTTCACAGGGGACACGGTTCATTTCGTGCCGAGCGAGGTGCGGGTCGCTGTCAA GTCGATTCAGAAGCCCACTGTGGCTGGCCCTGTTCTCGTCGCCTTTGCTGGCGAGATGGTAGAGATCAGC ACGAACTCGTCCGTGACAGGACTGTACCCGGGCTGTGTGGGCTGCGAGCCGAATTTGTTAATCCACAGTT CCACCGACTTTGAGGCGCATATCCAGACCTTTCGCACCCTCACCAAGTCCATCCTGCCAGGGGCGAGCTT CACCATCATTGTGCACGCCCTGACGGTGCGGGTGCATGTTGTCGCACTCATATCTAAGATGGACGGCAAA ACAGGAAACTGGTCGAAGGGGATGGTGAAGTGTGTGCCGCCGGCCGCACAGGCGATGATGCTCTTCCGTG CTGAGTCGCCTGTCGCCCTCGAACCGGCGACGGAGTGCCGCGCGCTGGGGCGGTTTGTCCTTCAGCAGGA TGGCGAAACGGTTGCTGGCGGCCTGGTCACACGCGTTGTGGACAAGCCGTG >gi|146101862|ref|XP_001469224.1| hsp70 subfamily B suppressor 1 [Leishmania infantum JPCM5] MNRHNKFYAEVAGELEGDDYYGDDDDYNYDEEYEEEGEYDEAAYEATASAAPPEPAHMSESTAQATASAA PAVRVNPYTTISPQVDDDYELLDMLLPQLHALWKASAPTMLPLSEGEAVTALRASNYDVEPAFLQLKEKR DEERSKRGGGVLKVTAAAGPANRASTFPAVESPEPGGEEASDNEGNSASPSASSGRTTTTLRGSKGTSQR RTKQMLEMEPDKEKPDCTFVIAGHVDAGKSTTLGHLLLLLGRVSIQDVERNEKADRTHRKDSFKYAWLLD QCEEERRRGVTIDSGSFCFETEHRRVHILDAPGHKDFVLSMISSATQADAALLVVTAATSEFETGLHHGT KSHLLVLKTLGVGSIVVAVNKMDAVAYSQERYDYVVRELQLLLKQTRIPEEAIIGFCPISGMAGVNITQR GAKETPWYHDLSLIEMIDKCPLESRLLNRPLRLSLQDVQGTTLYAKVESGRLFTGDTVHFVPSEVRVAVK SIQKPTVAGPVLVAFAGEMVEISTNSSVTGLYPGCVGCEPNLLIHSSTDFEAHIQTFRTLTKSILPGASF TIIVHALTVRVHVVALISKMDGKTGNWSKGMVKCVPPAAQAMMLFRAESPVALEPATECRALGRFVLQQD GETVAGGLVTRVVDKP Virmugen A Leishmania infantum deletion mutant of HSP70-II gene is attenuated and provides protection against Leishmania infection in the L. major-BALB/c infection model. Also, DeltaHSP70-II is a safe live vaccine as immunodeficient SCID mice, and hamsters, infected with mutant parasites did not develp any sign of pathology [Ref2080:Carrion et al., 2011]. Ighv1-9 Mus musculus 668478 AC073561 10090 12 114583568 114583861 immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-9 Also known as Igg2a; Gm16697 >gi|372099098:114583568-114583861 Mus musculus strain C57BL/6J chromosome 12, GRCm38 C57BL/6J GTCTTGCACAGTAATAGATGGCAGAGTCCTCAGTTGTCAGGCTGCTGAGTTGCATGTAGGCTGTGTTGGA GGATGTATCTGCAGTGAATGTGGCCTTGCCCTTGAACTTCTCATTGTAGTTAGTACTACCACTTCCAGGT AAAATCTCTCCAATCCACTCAAGGCCATGTCCAGGCCTCTGCTTTACCCACTCTATCCAGTAGCCAGTGA ATGTGTAGCCAGTAGCCTTGCAGGAAAGCTTCACTGAGGCCCCAGGCTTCATCAGCTCAGCTCCAGACTG CTGCAGCTGAACCT Vaximmutor LIPO-A Leishmania infantum VO_0011283 730579 CDD:140267 CDD:240221 5671 ? 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 4.83 33714.61 399 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0. /FTId=PRO_0000154772. >sp|P39097.1|RLA0_LEIIN RecName: Full=60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 MPSITTAKREYEERLVDCLTKYSCVLFVGMDNVRSQQVHDVGRALRAKAEFMMGKKTLQGKIVEKRAQAK DASPEAKHFNDQCEEYNLLSGNTGLIFTNNAVQEITSVLDAHRVKRAARVGAISPCDVIVAAGSTGMEPT QTSFFQALNIATKIAKGMVEIVTEKKVLSVGDKVDNSTATLLQKLNISPFYYQVNVLSVWDRGVLFTRED LMMTEDMVEKMLMEGLSNVAAMALGAGIPTSSTIGPMLVDAFKNLLAVSVATSYEFEEHNGKELREAAIN GLLAGSCSAAAEPAAAAPAAPSAAAKEEPEESDEDDFGMGGLF Protective antigen Study examined the immunogenic properties of the Leishmania infantum acidic ribosomal protein P0 (LiP0) in the BALB/c mouse model. When mice were immunized with pcDNA3-LiP0, noticeable protection against L. major infection was achieved [Ref1340:Iborra et al., 2003]. P36/LACK Leishmania infantum VO_0011284 134085114 CDD:238121 CDD:293791 InterPro:IPR001680 InterPro:IPR011046 InterPro:IPR015943 InterPro:IPR017986 InterPro:IPR019775 InterPro:IPR019781 InterPro:IPR019782 InterPro:IPR020472 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P62884 5671 ? activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK); p36 LACK protein 6.77 33141.22 413 guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta subunit-like protein >CAM69515.1 activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK); p36 LACK protein [Leishmania infantum] MNYEGHLKGHRGWVTSLACPQQAGSYIKVVSTSRDGTAISWKANPDRHSVDSDYGLPSHRLEGHTGFVSC VSLAHATDYALTASWDRSIRMWDLRNGQCQRKFLKHTKDVLAVAFSPDDRLIVSAGRDNVIRVWNVAGEC MHEFLRDGHEDWVSSICFSPSLEHPIVVSGSWDNTIKVWNVNGGKCERTLKGHSNYVSTVTVSPDGSLCA SGGKDGAALLWDLSTGEQLFKINVESPINQIAFSPNRFWMCVATERSLSVYDLESKAVIAELTPDGAKPS ECISIAWSADGNTLYSGHKDNLIRVWSISDAE Protective antigen BALB/c mice immunized with a DNA vector expressing p36/LACK of Leishmania infantum followed by a booster with VVp36/LACK induced significant protection against Leishmania major infection [Ref1341:Gonzalo et al., 2001]. SMT Leishmania infantum VO_0011282 146104463 CDD:332925 CDD:332923 CDD:312111 GOA:A4IDL3 InterPro:IPR013216 InterPro:IPR013705 UniProtKB/TrEMBL:A4IDL3 435258 ? putative sterol 24-c-methyltransferase 6.62 38177.872 443 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-metoxy-1,4-benzoquinol methylase [Coenzyme transport and metabolism]; cl28104 >XP_001469832.1 putative sterol 24-c-methyltransferase [Leishmania infantum JPCM5] MSAGGRETAPTNLIRRRNKDETNGDVSAAADRFRDRFEKATLEERKAATTTMVNEYYDLVTDFYEYGWGQ NFHFAPRYAGETFFESLARHEYFLAARGGFMEGDHIVDVGCGVGGPARNMVRLTRCNVIGVNNNDYQISR ARRHDALAGMSSKIDYVKTDFCNMSLADNTFDGAYAIEATCHAKDKVKCYSEVFRVIKPGTCFVLYEWCM TDKYNPNDEYHRTIKHRIELGDGLPEMETCKQVIEYMKQAGFVVEEAIDVISQFESSPIKSIPWYQPLVG DYSSLQGLRSTPIGRILTNVMCRVLEFVRLAPKGTYKATEILEEAAESLVVGGQLGIFTPSFYIRARKPS KQA Protective antigen Upon challenge with L. infantum, C57BL/6 mice immunized with SMT formulated in MPL-SE adjuvant showed significantly lower parasite burdens in both spleens and livers compared with non-immunized mice or mice injected with adjuvant alone [Ref1339:Goto et al., 2007]. Carrion et al., 2011 journal Carrion J, Folgueira C, Soto M, Fresno M, Requena JM 2011 4 1 150 Parasites & vectors Dias et al., 2018 journal Dias DS, Ribeiro PAF, Martins VT, Lage DP, Ramos FF, Dias ALT, Rodrigues MR, Portela ÁSB, Costa LE, Caligiorne RB, Steiner BT, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Salles BCS, Santos TTO, Silveira JAG, Magalhães-Soares DF, Roatt BM, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Duarte MC, Menezes-Souza D, Silva ES, Galdino AS, Coelho EAF 2018 323 59-69 Cellular immunology Gonzalo et al., 2001 journal Gonzalo RM, Rodríguez JR, Rodríguez D, González-Aseguinolaza G, Larraga V, Esteban M 2001 3 9 701-711 Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur Goto et al., 2007 journal Goto Y, Bogatzki LY, Bertholet S, Coler RN, Reed SG 2007 25 42 7450-7458 Vaccine Iborra et al., 2003 journal Iborra S, Soto M, Carrión J, Nieto A, Fernández E, Alonso C, Requena JM 2003 71 11 6562-6572 Infection and immunity Moreno et al., 2007 journal Moreno J, Nieto J, Masina S, Cañavate C, Cruz I, Chicharro C, Carrillo E, Napp S, Reymond C, Kaye PM, Smith DF, Fasel N, Alvar J 2007 25 29 5290-5300 Vaccine Mortazavidehkordi et al., 2016 journal Mortazavidehkordi N, Farjadfar A, Khanahmad H, Ghayour Najafabadi Z, Hashemi N, Fallah A, Najafi A, Kia V, Hejazi SH 2016 38 11 670-677 Parasite immunology Saljoughian et al., 2013 journal Saljoughian N, Taheri T, Zahedifard F, Taslimi Y, Doustdari F, Bolhassani A, Doroud D, Azizi H, Heidari K, Vasei M, Namvar Asl N, Papadopoulou B, Rafati S 2013 7 4 e2174 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Wiki: Leishmania infantum website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishmania_infantum