Leishmania major 5664 The establishment of the primary leishmania infection and development of clinical disease depend on parasite, host, and sandfly factors; dose or route of inoculation; and the maintenance of macrophages in an inert, deactivated state. Pathogenesis follows a complex set of interactions between many factors triggered by the host's innate and acquired immune responses (eg, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells). These inflammatory responses mediate disease expression and may result in either symptomless or subclinical infection, self-healing LCL, or chronic leishmaniasis (eg, DCL, mucosal leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis recidivans). Clinical cure ensues when macrophages become activated to a leishmanicidal state. When biting their hosts, infected sandflies regurgitate leishmania promastigotes into the skin, which invade or are phagocytosed by local or recruited host cells, mainly macrophages. Within the phagolysosomes of resident macrophages, promastigotes become amastigotes. Amastigotes replicate and may then infect additional macrophages, either locally or in distant tissues after dissemination. When blood-feeding on an infected host, naive sandflies become infected with amastigotes, which transform back into promastigotes in the sandfly's gut (depending on Leishmania spp, different regions of the gut will be parasitised. The parasites then migrate to the sandfly's proboscis, thus completing the leishmania life cycle (Reithinger et al., 2007). Cutaneous leishmaniasis The immune response to Leishmania infection is cell-mediated, and the clinical outcome is dependent on host-mediated T helper (Th)1 or Th2 responses. A Th1 response mediated by interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin (IL)-12 is associated with disease resolution and resistance, and a Th2 IL-4-producing response confers disease susceptibility and progression (Ameen, 2010). Leishmania major is vectored by the sandfly and can infect humans and other mammals. Natural leishmania infections are found in a range of non-human mammal hosts (mainly marsupials, rodents, edentates, and carnivores) (Reithinger et al., 2007). Leishmania parasites belonging to the order Kinetoplastida are the causative agents of a large spectrum of diseases, leishmaniasis, varying from localized cutaneous to visceral leishmaniasis, the later being often fatal if not treated. Leishmaniasis with a total number of 12 million cases, and 350 million at risk is a major health problem in several tropical and subtropical areas, and its control relies still most frequently on pentavalent antimony-containing drug chemotherapy. The effectiveness of these compounds however is eroded by the emergences of parasite resistance to the drug. Therefore, other strategies, such as vaccination, need to be developed for a better control of leishmaniasis. Mouse models of cutaneous leishmaniasis have been extensively used to explore the requirements for effective vaccination, namely vaccination which prevent at least the disease stage to be reached (Rafati et al., 2002). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 L. major DNA Vaccine encoding Gp63 VO_0004046 DNA vaccine Research pcDNA3 [Ref1335:Walker et al., 1998] Intradermal injection (i.d.) Intradermal injection (i.d.) DNA vaccine construction BALB/c Mice were injected intradermally in the ears, foot pads, dorsal skin, or hind leg muscles with 1-100 μg of plasmid DNA diluted in PBS, freeze-thawed parasites (1.6 X 10^5) in PBS, gp63 protein (10 μg) emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA), in FCA or PBS alone in 50 to 70- μl volumes. All animals were boosted at 3 weeks (Walker et al., 1998). gp63-pcDNA-3 vaccination protected 30% of susceptible mice (21 of 70) from Leishmania infection (Walker et al., 1998). Promastigotes were subsequentiy resuspended in PBS (1 X 10^7 promastigotes/ml) and mice were infected by subcutaneous injection of 1 X 10^6 promastigotes (0.1 ml) in the dorsal side of the right foot 3 weeks after initial immunization (Walker et al., 1998). L. major DNA Vaccine encoding LACKp24, TSA, LmSTI1 and CPa VO_0004171 DNA vaccine Research pCMV3ISS Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction DNA vaccine construction DNA vaccine construction DNA vaccine construction BALB/c For mice immunization, a single dose of 50 μg of Qiagen purified plasmid of each candidate DNA vaccine was administered intramusculary in 100 μl of PBS, 50 μl in each anterior tibialis muscle. Sham vaccination consisted of a single injection of 50 μg or 200 μg of Qiagen purified pCMV3ISS, the plasmid backbone, in the same conditions as immunized mice. A further control group of mice received no treatment at all (PBS). A group of mice was vaccinated with a cocktail of all 4 antigen carrying plasmids (pCMV3ISS-LACKp24, pCMV3ISS-TSA, pCMV3ISS-LmSTI1 and pCMV3ISS-CPa) (Ahmed et al., 2009). A substantial increase of protection was achieved when the cocktail is composed of all of the four antigens; however, no full protection was achieved when mice were challenged with a high dose of parasite in their hind footpad. The full protection was only achieved after a challenge with a low parasitic dose in the dermis of the ear (Ahmed et al., 2009). The appropriate number of promastigotes was inoculated subcutaneously in the right hind footpad of female BALB/c mice in 50 μl of PBS. The challenge of mice was carried out 2 weeks after the immunization (Ahmed et al., 2009). L. major DNA Vaccine encoding SP VO_0004172 DNA vaccine Research pcDNA3.1 [Ref1332:Rafati et al., 2006] Subcutanteous injection Subcutanteous injection DNA vaccine construction BALB/c Immunization experiments were carried out twice at 3 weeks intervals in five groups of 10 BALB/c mice. Mice in group I (DNA/DNA) were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) in the right footpad with 100 μg of pcDNA-sp plasmid, in the both prime and boost vaccination. Two control groups (IV and V) were studied; mice in group IV (vector only/CpG) were inoculated using 100 μg of pcDNA (vector without insert) in the first vaccination and the same adjuvant regimen (50 μg CpG ODN and 70 (v/v) Montanide 720) in the second vaccination. Mice in group V (PBS) received PBS alone (Rafati et al., 2006). DNA/DNA strategy developed more effective protective responses and induced 81% reduction in L. major parasite load (Rafati et al., 2006). Animals were then challenged 3 weeks after completion of the immunization protocol with 3 × 10^5 L. major MRHO/IR/75/ER metacyclic promastigotes that had been suspended in 50 μl PBS and injected into the left footpad (Rafati et al., 2006). L. major DNA vaccine encoding TSA, LMSTI1, KMP11, and LACK DNA vaccine Research pEGFP-N1[Ref5588:Salehi-Sangani et al., 2019] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction DNA vaccine construction DNA vaccine construction DNA vaccine construction BALB/c BALB/c mice were divided into four groups (9 mice per group), one group was injected with 100 µg pleish-dom alone, one group was injected with pleish-dom combined with plasmid encoding IL-12 (50 µg+50 µg, pIL-12), another group received PBS, and one group received 100 µg empty pcDNA intramuscularly in the hind leg. The booster injections were given three times in 2-week intervals.(Salehi-Sangani et al., 2019) Four weeks after the last booster injection, different groups of mice were challenged subcutaneously at the base of the tail with 1×106 L. major promastigotes harvested at stationary phase. Lesion development was monitored, and the size of the lesion was recorded weekly using a Vernier caliper.(Salehi-Sangani et al., 2019) L. major DNA vaccine pcLACK + IL-22 VO_0004530 DNA vaccine Research pcDNA3 [Ref2647:Hezarjaribi et al., 2013] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) IL-22 (Hezarjaribi et al., 2013) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction IL-22 obviously caused an increase in IFN-γ production and a decrease in IL-4 production before and after the challenge (p < 0.05) (Hezarjaribi et al., 2013). VO_0000286 Comparison of the mean size of lesions in the LACK and LACK + IL-22 groups demonstrated that the mean size of lesions of the two groups was significantly different from week four (p < 0.05). The survival rate at day 170 after challenge for the PBS, pcDNA3 (empty plasmid), pcLACK (pcDNA3 containing LACK gene), and pcLACK + IL-22 groups were 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively (Hezarjaribi et al., 2013). L. major H1 Protein Vaccine VO_0004176 Subunit vaccine Research Subcutaneous injection Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (Solioz et al., 1999). Subcutaneous injection Recombinant protein preparation Recombinant H1 protein (Solioz et al., 1999) BALB/c, C57BL/6 or B10.D2 In all protection experiments, mice (n=5–8) were given injections (2×25 μl) of antigen preparation twice subcutaneously (s.c.) at the base of the tail. Before the injection, antigens were either emusified in IFA (1:1, vol/vol), mixed (1:1, vol/vol) with either 0.5 or 1 μg of IL-12 in PBS or prepared in PBS only. Several doses of antigen were tested and parasite challenge in the right hind footpad was performed at different time points after the second injection (Solioz et al., 1999). When inoculated in the presence of IFA as adjuvant, the partially purified histone H1 was able to confer partial protection in six out of eight mice (Solioz et al., 1999). In this long term experiment, mice were challenged two and a half months after the second injection of antigen with 2×106 highly infectious parasites (Solioz et al., 1999). L. major H2B Protein Vaccine VO_0004045 Subunit vaccine Research Subcutaneous injection An L. major subunit vaccine that is made of H2B protein and CpG adjuvant. CpG (Chenik et al., 2006). Subcutaneous injection The divergent amino-terminal region of H2B (Chenik et al., 2006). Recombinant protein preparation BALB/c Three groups of mice were injected with 25 μg of either one of the three recombinant proteins (H2B, H2BΔN46 or H2BΔC65) with CpG. Three additional control groups received adjuvant (CpG or non-CpG) or PBS alone. Each mouse received two subcutaneous (s.c.) injections in the left footpad in a volume of 50 μl at 15 days intervals (Chenik et al., 2006). The divergent amino-terminal region of H2B is able to confer potent protection against a virulent challenge in BALB/c mice. Mice immunized with the amino-terminal part of H2B in presence of CpG are more resistant than those immunized, in the same conditions, by the whole protein (p < 0.05, from week 5) after L. major challenge (Chenik et al., 2006). Four weeks after the second dose, mice were infected in the right footpad with 2 × 10^6 L. major metacyclic promastigotes, in 50 μl of PBS (Chenik et al., 2006). L. major PSA-2 Protein Vaccine VO_0004044 Subunit vaccine Research Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) killed Corynebacterium parvum (Handman et al., 1995). Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) Recombinant protein preparation C3H/He and BALB/c H-2^k Groups of 8 to 16 mice were injected three times, every 2 weeks, intraperitoneally with 1.5 to 2 mg of purified PSA-2mixed with 200 mg of killed Corynebacterium parvum as an adjuvant (Handman et al., 1995). Intraperitoneal vaccination of C3H/He mice with PSA-2 with Corynebacterium parvum as an adjuvant resulted in complete protection from lesion development after challenge infection with virulent L. major. Significant protection was also obtained in the genetically susceptible BALB/cH-2k and BALB/c mice (Handman et al., 1995). Two weeks after the last injection, all mice were bled individually and divided into groups; one group was used to examine T-cell responses to PSA-2 antigen, and another group was challenged with 10^5 live promastigotes. L. major synthetic DNA vaccine IDM2 DNA vaccine Research Intradermal injection (i.d.) Intradermal injection (i.d.) PEPCK - dominant naturally processed peptide that elicits strong CD4(+) T cell responses in infected mice and humans(Mou et al., 2015) DNA vaccine construction Both mice vaccinated with IDM2 and those vaccinated with PB mounted a robust immune response, with avereages of 2500 SFU/million and 3700 SFU/million splenocytes against IDM2 and PB, respectively. A greater number of CD4+ T cells responded to peptides in pool 1 of PB than in pool 1 of IDM2.(Louis et al., 2019) C57BL/6 Performed intramuscular DNA delivery of either IDM2 or PB in C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 20 μg each, followed by EP, two times, 2 weeks apart(Louis et al., 2019) Immunized mice twice, at a 2 week interval, by either i.m. or i.d. EP. flank or TA skin from vaccination and contralateral sites was harvested spleens 45 days after the final vaccination. L. T -PpSP15 VO_0004627 Recombinant vector vaccine Research [Ref3080:Zahedifard et al., 2014] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) A Leishmania major recombinant vector vaccine that uses a Salmonella vector and CPA/CPB as antigen (Zahedifard et al., 2014). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) CPA/CPB(Zahedifard et al., 2014) VO_0003057 In both susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 mice, the strongest protective effect was observed when priming with PpSP15 DNA and boosting with PpSP15 DNA and live recombinant L. tarentolae stably expressing cysteine proteinase genes (Zahedifard et al., 2014). LEISH-F1+MPL-SE VO_0004266 Subunit vaccine Clinical trial subcutaneous injection A Leishmaniasis subunit vaccine made of LEISH-F1+MPL-SE (Nascimento et al., 2010) MPL-SE: MPLA is a detoxified version of LPS that retained most or all of the parent compound’s beneficial immunomodulatory activities.(Casella and Mitchell, 2008) subcutaneous injection LEISH-F1: a polyprotein composed of these three priority candidate antigens (LmSTI1, TSA, LeIF) fused in tandem, Leish-111f(Coler et al., 2002) Recombinant protein preparation Recombinant protein preparation Recombinant protein preparation IgG antibody response to LEISH-F1 in all vaccine recipients, no significant differences in titer among vaccine recipients who received 5, 10, or 20 μg of LEISH-F1 + 25 μg MPL-SE(Nascimento et al., 2010) a randomized, double-blind, controlled, dose-escalating clinical trial and were randomly assigned to receive three injections of either the LEISH-F1+MPL-SE vaccine (consisting of 5, 10, or 20 μg recombinant Leishmania polyprotein LEISH-F1 antigen+25 μg MPL-SE adjuvant) (n=27), adjuvant alone (n=8), or saline placebo (n=9). The study injections were given subcutaneously on Days 0, 28, and 56, and the patients were followed through Day 336 for safety, immunological, and clinical evolution endpoints. (Nascimento et al., 2010) does not induce many AE's (mild or moderate headache and fever in few recipients)(Nascimento et al., 2010) Leishmania major DNA vaccine KMP-11 VO_0004373 DNA vaccine Research pCMV-LIC Intramuscular injection (i.m.) IL-12 (Bhaumik et al., 2009) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) KMP-11 (Bhaumik et al., 2009) DNA vaccine construction Since this vaccine was cross-protective, the KMP-11 gene was from L. donovani (Bhaumik et al., 2009). VO_0000286 Lesion size of the LM infected groups immunized additionally with IL-12 showed significant reduction at 12 weeks post-infection compared to mice immunized with KMP-11 DNA alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, we examined the parasite loads in the local draining lymph nodes which showed ∼96.2% and 94% reduction in parasite burden in groups of immunized mice treated additionally with (IL-12p35 + IL-12p40) DNA or rmIL-12, respectively (p < 0.05). KMP-11 DNA immunized mice showed 69% reduction in LM-load in draining lymph node suggesting KMP-11 DNA immunization alone was partially protective against LM (Bhaumik et al., 2009). licensed Cutaneous leishmaniasis human vaccine Generic Unknown VO_0001231 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed A generic representation of vaccines used to prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans, most commonly based on live, attenuated Leishmania parasites. These vaccines aim to induce protective immunity by mimicking natural infection without causing disease. SL3261-L. major VO_0004671 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Salmonella expressing the novel Leishmania antigens LinJ08.1190 and LinJ23.0410 (Schroeder et al., 2011) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Recombinant protein preparation Antigens were differentially expressed on the surface or in the cytosol of Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 (Schroeder et al., 2011). Mice were vaccinated with a single dose of Salmonella vaccine strains, the carrier control SL3261 or treated with PBS (Schroeder et al., 2011). VO_0000287 We show that vaccine strains of Salmonella expressing the novel Leishmania antigens LinJ08.1190 and LinJ23.0410 significantly reduced visceralisation of L. major and enhanced systemic resistance against L. donovani in susceptible BALB/c mice (Schroeder et al., 2011). Mice were subsequently challenged with 2×10^6 late-stationary phase L. major promastigotes into the left hind footpad (Schroeder et al., 2011). Cpa Leishmania major VO_0011275 5651252 71084305 71084306 AAZ23598.1 CDD:185513 CDD:285458 CDD:278538 CDD:239068 5664 ? cysteine protease 6.62 33970.17 391 cathepsin L protease; Provisional >gi|71084305|gb|DQ071680.1| Leishmania major cysteine protease (Cpa) gene, partial cds AAAACACCTCTCGGTGTCGACAACTTCATTGCCTCAGCACATTACGGACGCTTTAAGGAGCGCCACGGCA AGTCCTTCGGCGAGGACGCCGATGAGGGTCACCGCTTCAATGCCTTCAAGCAGAACATGCAGACCGCCTA CTTCCTCAACACGCACAACCCGCACGCGCACTACGACGTGTCCGGCAAGTTTGCAGACCTCACCCCCCAG GAGTTCGCCAAGCTGTACCTGAACCCCGACTACTACGCGCGCCGCGGTAAGGATTACAAGGAGCACGTGC ACGTCGACGACAGCGTCCTCAGTGGTGCGATGTCGGTGGACTGGCGTGAGAAGGTTGCCGTGACGCCGGT GAAGAACCAGGGAATGTGCGGCTCGTGCTGGGCTTTCTCCGCCATTGGCAACATTGAAAGTCAGTGGGCT TTGAAAAACCACTCGCTGGTTTCGCTGTCGGAGCAGATGCTCGTGTCATGCGACGACATCGATGATGGGT GCAACGGTGGGCTGATGGACCAGGCGATGGAATGGATCATCCAACATCACAACGGCACTGTGCCCACGGA GGAAAGCTACCCCTACGCCTCTGCCGGCGGCACGAGCCCGCCGTGCCATGACAAAGGCGAGTTTGGCGCC AGAATCAGTGGTTACATGTCCCTGCCGCATGACGAGAAGGCGATCGCGGCTTATGTGGAGAAGAAAGGCC CCGTCGCTGTCGCCGTCGACGCGACAACCTGGCAGCTGTACTTTGGCGGTGTGGTCACGCTCTGCTTCGG GTGGTCGCTCAACCACGGTGTGCTCGTTGTCGGCTTCAACAAAAGAGCGAAACCGCCGTACTGGATCGTG AAGAACTCGTGGGGCACCTCGTGGGGTGAGAAGGGGTACATCCGCCTTGCCATGGGCAGCAACCAGTGCT TGCTGAAGAATTACCCTGTGACGGCCACGGTTGACGACTCAAACACCTCTCCCGTGCCGACGACACCGGC CTAG >AAZ23598.1 cysteine protease, partial [Leishmania major] KTPLGVDNFIASAHYGRFKERHGKSFGEDADEGHRFNAFKQNMQTAYFLNTHNPHAHYDVSGKFADLTPQ EFAKLYLNPDYYARRGKDYKEHVHVDDSVLSGAMSVDWREKVAVTPVKNQGMCGSCWAFSAIGNIESQWA LKNHSLVSLSEQMLVSCDDIDDGCNGGLMDQAMEWIIQHHNGTVPTEESYPYASAGGTSPPCHDKGEFGA RISGYMSLPHDEKAIAAYVEKKGPVAVAVDATTWQLYFGGVVTLCFGWSLNHGVLVVGFNKRAKPPYWIV KNSWGTSWGEKGYIRLAMGSNQCLLKNYPVTATVDDSNTSPVPTTPA Protective antigen Researchers evaluated the potency of different DNA vaccine candidates in BALB/c mice using high dose footpad parasite challenge with L. major. Mice inoculated pCMV3ISS-CPa developed significantly smaller lesions in their footpads after challenge with the parasite. The vaccine was able to induce a partially protective effect [Ref1331:Ahmed et al., 2009]. Gp63 Leishmania major VO_0011278 5649645 259011719 1LML CDD:279761 5664 ? GP63 6.66 58512.43 648 Leishmanolysin; pfam01457 >ACL01096.2 GP63 [Leishmania major] MSVDSSSTHRRRCVAARLVRLAAAGAAVTVAVGTAAAWAHAGALQHRCVHDAMQARVRQSVADHHKAPGA VSAVGLPYVTLDAAHTAAAADPRPGSARSVVRDVNWGALRIAVSTEDLTDPAYHCARVGQHVKDHAGAIA ICTAEDILTNEKRDILVKHLIPQAVQLHTERLKVQQVQGKWKVTDMVGDICGDFKVPQAHITEGFSNTDF VMYVASVPSEEGVLAWATTCQTFSDGHPAVGVINIPAANIASRYDQLVTRVVTHEMAHALGFSGPFFEDA RIVASVPNVRGKNFDVPVINSSTAVAKAREQYGCDTLEYLEVEDQGGAGSAGSHIKMRNAQDELMAPAAA AGYYTALTMAIFQDLGFYQADFSKAEVMPWGQNAGCAFLTNKCMEQSVTQWPAMFCNESEDAIRCPTSRL SLGACGVTRHPGLPPYWQYFTDPSLAGVSAFMDYCPVVVPYSDGSCTQRASEAHASLLPFNVFSDAARCI DGAFRPKATDGIVKSYAGLCANVQCDTATRTYSVQVHGSNDYTNCTPGLRVELSTVSNAFEGGGYITCPP YVEVCQGNVQAAKDGGNTAAGRRGPRAAATALLVAALLAVAL Protective antigen Cell-mediated immunity to Leishmania major (L. major) was induced by injecting BALB/c mice intradermally with plasmid DNA expressing the conserved L. major cell surface glycoprotein gp63 (gp63-pcDNA-3). Challenge studies revealed that gp63-pcDNA-3 vaccination protected 30% of susceptible mice (21 of 70) from Leishmania infection [Ref1335:Walker et al., 1998]. H2B Leishmania major VO_0011277 13384083 CDD:304987 5664 ? histone H2B 11.84 11691.58 157 Histone H2B; cl23830 >AAK21263.1 histone H2B [Leishmania major] MASSRSASRKASNPHKSHRKPKRSWNVYVGRSLKAINAQMSMSHRTMKIVNSYVNDVMERICTEAASIVR ANKKRTLGAREVQTAVRIVLPAELAKHAMAEGTKAVSSASA Protective antigen Researchers tested the ability of the entire H2B protein of L. major, its divergent or conserved regions to provide protection against virulent L. major challenge. The divergent amino-terminal region of H2B is able to confer potent protection against a virulent challenge in BALB/c mice [Ref1333:Chenik et al., 2006]. KMP-11 Leishmania donovani 34922492 CDD:281087 5661 ? Kinetoplastid membrane protein 11 7.89 14076.21 246 KMP-11; Lipophosphoglycan-associated protein; LPGAP >sp|Q36736.1|KM11_LEIDO RecName: Full=Kinetoplastid membrane protein 11; Short=KMP-11; AltName: Full=Lipophosphoglycan-associated protein; Short=LPGAP MATTYEEFSAKLDRLDQEFNRKMQEQNAKFFADKPDESTLSPEMREHYEKFERMIKEHTEKFNKKMHEHS EHFKQKFAELLEQQKAAQYPSK Protective antigen LACK Leishmania major VO_0011260 1276476 1276477 AAA97577.1 CDD:238121 CDD:225201 CDD:293791 5664 ? LACK 6.64 32575.5 354 WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from...; cd00200 >gi|1276476|gb|U27568.1|LMU27568 Leishmania major activated protein kinase C receptor homolog LACK mRNA, complete cds AACTAACGCTATATAAGTATCAGTTTCTGTACTTTATTGATAAGTTTCTTCTCACTCCACTTCGTTTCAC CATGAACTACGAGGGTCACCTGAAGGGTCACCGAGGATGGGTCACCTCCCTGGCCTGCCCGCAGCAGGCG GGGTCGTACATCAAGGTGGTGTCGACGTCGCGCGATGGTACGGTCATCTCGTGGAAGGCCAACCCCGACC GCCACAGCGTGGACAGCGACTACGGTCTGCCGAACCACCGCCTCGAGGGCCACACCGGCTTCGTGTCGTG CGTGTCGCTGGCCCACGCCACCGACTACGCGCTGACCGCGTCCTGGGACCGCTCCATCCGCATGTGGGAC CTGCGCAATGGCCAGTGCCAGCGCAAGTTCCTGAAGCACACCAAGGACGTGCTCGCCGTCGCCTTCTCGC CGGACGACCGCCTGATCGTGTCCGCGGGCCGCGACAACGTGATCCGCGTGTGGAACGTGGCGGGTGAGTG CATGCACGAGTTCCTGCGCGACGGCCACGAGGACTGGGTGAGCAGCATCTGCTTCTCGCCGTCGCTGGAG CACCCGATCGTGGTGTCCGGCAGCTGGGACAACACCATCAAAGTATGGAACGTGAACGGGGGCAAGTGTG AGCGCACGCTCAAGGGCCACAGCAACTACGTGTCCACGGTGACGGTGTCGCCAGACGGGTCTCTGTGCGC ATCTGGCGGCAAGGACGGCGCGGCGCTGTTGTGGGACCTGAGCACCGGTGAGCAGCTGTTCAAGATCAAC GTGGAGTCGCCCATCAACCAGATCGGCTTCTCGCCCAACCGCTTCTGGATGTGCGTCGCGACGGAGAGGT CTCTGTCCGTGTACGACCTGGAGAGCAAGGCCGTGATTGCGGAGCTGACGCCGGACGGCGCGAAGCCGTC GGAGTGCATCTCCATTGCCTGGTCCGCCGACGGCAACACTCTGTACTCCGGCCACAAGGACAACCTGATC CGCGTGTGGTCCATCTCCGACGCCGAGTAATGGCCGCGCGCTGCTCGTGCCGGACGGCGTGGTAGGCGAG GGAGAACGAGCGAGAAGTGA >AAA97577.1 LACK [Leishmania major] MNYEGHLKGHRGWVTSLACPQQAGSYIKVVSTSRDGTVISWKANPDRHSVDSDYGLPNHRLEGHTGFVSC VSLAHATDYALTASWDRSIRMWDLRNGQCQRKFLKHTKDVLAVAFSPDDRLIVSAGRDNVIRVWNVAGEC MHEFLRDGHEDWVSSICFSPSLEHPIVVSGSWDNTIKVWNVNGGKCERTLKGHSNYVSTVTVSPDGSLCA SGGKDGAALLWDLSTGEQLFKINVESPINQIGFSPNRFWMCVATERSLSVYDLESKAVIAELTPDGAKPS ECISIAWSADGNTLYSGHKDNLIRVWSISDAE Protective antigen Researchers evaluated the potency of different DNA vaccine candidates in BALB/c mice using high dose footpad parasite challenge. A truncated portion of the LACK antigen (LACKp24) was able to induce the highest protective effect compared to other constructs. The DNA vaccine encoding LACK was able to induce partial protection in mice [Ref1331:Ahmed et al., 2009]. LeIF Leishmania major strain Friedlin 12981542 389592667 LMJF_03_0980 FR796399 XP_003721774 347515 3 381259 382557 - 5.61 45612.68 432 >NC_004916.2:381259-382557 Leishmania major strain Friedlin complete genome, chromosome 3 ATTAGTCCGCATCCTCATCATCATCGTCTTCCCCATCAAAGCCCTTCTTGCCCTCGTCTGCGTCGCCGTG AGGCTGCGGAGGCGACACCACCTTCAGCTGGCCACCGCGCTTCTTGATTTCCGCCGTCATTGCCTCTATT GCCTCCTTCATTCGCTGAATACCCTCTTCCTTCATATCCGTGCGCGCGCGGATGCCGTACTTGGGGGGTC CGATGATGTTGACGGAGAGGTGGATCTGAGGATCGCTGCCTTCGCCGTAGCTGCGGCCCAGAATGAGGAC GTCGCGGATCGCCTCCACACCATCACACGCGAAGCACGTGATCTCGACTTCCGCGAACAGCGTCAACACC TTCAGCCGCATCGCGTTCTTCAGCGTCAGCATCAGGCAATCCGATATAGCCTTTTCAAGCTTCAGCGGAC CAAGAATACGCTCCACATCTTCCGTCTGGTTCAGTTCGTAAAGCCACGTCCACGCGTGTTTGCCCGGTTC CCGCTGGTAGAGCGGATAGGCGATCATTTCCATCGCATCCATAGCGGGGATATCACACAGCTCAGCGACA TGGCAAACAATGGAGCGAACTTCGTTACCCTGGCGGAAGTGCGCTTCGCACGCCTTTGCTTCGTTGGGCG TTACCAGCTTCTTTGACAAGTCAATGTAACCCTTGTCCTTGTCGATACGGATCACCTGCGCGGGCTCAGT GCGGCCTACCTTGATTAGCTTTCCCATCGAGCGCACACGGCGTCTAGTCACCTCCGTGTACGGAATAATG CCTTCCCGCTTGCCGTACTCGAGCAGCTGCACTACCGCGGAGGTGTCATTCACCTGGGTGATTTTTACCC ACACGACGTCGTTGATCTTCGGCATCGTTTCAACGTAGAACGGAATGTCCTTGCCATCCCATGAGGTAAT GCCCAGGCACCCACAGACAAACTTCTGCTGGCGCTTGTTCAGGTCACGCATCCACTCTGGACGCTCGTTA TTGCTACCCTTCGTCTCACCCTCCACAACCTGCGCGGAGAGAATTGTGGCCTTCTCAAGAAGCACCAGCA AGTGGTCCAGCGTTCTGCAGTCAACTGGAACCGGGAACGGCTCCGCTAATAGGAGCTTTCGCCGCGCCAA GCTCTGATTGAGGCGGAAGTACTCTTTTGGAACGGCATAGTAGACATTGTCCGTCGTTCGGCAGCAGCAC TTCGTTTTGTAGTCCACAGTTTCGGGACTATCGGTGACACAGTAAGAAGCCATGCTTTCGTTGTTGCAAA ATATAATTCTTTCGAGGGGGCGGCACAGGGATACCCACA >XP_003721774.1 putative elongation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit [Leishmania major strain Friedlin] MWVSLCRPLERIIFCNNESMASYCVTDSPETVDYKTKCCCRTTDNVYYAVPKEYFRLNQSLARRKLLLAE PFPVPVDCRTLDHLLVLLEKATILSAQVVEGETKGSNNERPEWMRDLNKRQQKFVCGCLGITSWDGKDIP FYVETMPKINDVVWVKITQVNDTSAVVQLLEYGKREGIIPYTEVTRRRVRSMGKLIKVGRTEPAQVIRID KDKGYIDLSKKLVTPNEAKACEAHFRQGNEVRSIVCHVAELCDIPAMDAMEMIAYPLYQREPGKHAWTWL YELNQTEDVERILGPLKLEKAISDCLMLTLKNAMRLKVLTLFAEVEITCFACDGVEAIRDVLILGRSYGE GSDPQIHLSVNIIGPPKYGIRARTDMKEEGIQRMKEAIEAMTAEIKKRGGQLKVVSPPQPHGDADEGKKG FDGEDDDDEDAD Protective antigen LmSTI1 Leishmania major VO_0011274 5649395 1698879 1698880 AAB37318.1 CDD:290150 CDD:278916 CDD:276809 CDD:290160 CDD:128966 5664 ? protein antigen LmSTI1 6.04 60559.91 617 TPR repeat; pfam13414 >gi|1698879|gb|U73845.1|LMU73845 Leishmania major protein antigen LmSTI1 mRNA, partial cds TGGACGCAACTGAGCTGAAGAACAAGGGGAACGAAGAGTTCTCCGCCGGCCGCTATGTGGAGGCGGTGAA CTACTTCTCAAAGGCGATCCAGTTGGATGAGCAGAACAGTGTCCTCTACAGCAACCGCTCCGCCTGTTTT GCAGCCATGCAGAAATACAAGGACGCGCTGGACGACGCCGACAAGTGCATCTCGATCAAGCCGAATTGGG CCAAGGGCTACGTGCGCCGAGGAGCAGCTCTCCATGGCATGCGCCGCTACGACGATGCCATTGCCGCGTA TGAAAAGGGGCTCAAGGTGGACCCTTCCAACAGCGGCTGCGCGCAGGGCGTGAAGGACGTGCAGGTAGCC AAGGCCCGCGAAGCACGTGACCCCATCGCTCGCGTCTTCACCCCGGAGGCGTTCCGCAAGATCCAAGAGA ATCCCAAGCTGTCTCTACTTATGCTGCAGCCGGACTACGTGAAGATGGTAGACACCGTCATCCGCGACCC TTCGCAGGGCCGGCTGTACATGGAAGACCAGCGCTTTGCCCTGACGCTCATGTACCTGAGCGGAATGAAG ATTCCCAACGATGGTGATGGCGAGGAGGAGGAACGTCCGTCTGCGAAGGCGGCAGAGACAGCGAAGCCAA AAGAGGAGAAGCCTCTCACCGACAACGAGAAGGAGGCCCTGGCGCTCAAGGAGGAGGGCAACAAGCTGTA CCTCTCGAAGAAGTTTGAGGAGGCGCTGACCAAGTACCAAGAGGCGCAGGTGAAAGACCCCAACAACACT TTATACATTCTGAACGTGTCGGCCGTGTACTTCGAGCAGGGTGACTACGACAAGTGCATCGCCGAGTGCG AGCACGGTATCGAGCACGGTCGCGAGAACCACTGCGACTACACAATCATTGCGAAGCTCATGACCCGGAA CGCCTTGTGCCTCCAGAGGCAGAGGAAGTACGAGGCTGCTATCGACCTTTACAAGCGCGCCCTTGTCGAG TGGCGTAACCCTGACACCCTCAAGAAGCTGACGGAGTGCGAGAAGGAGCACCAAAAGGCGGTGGAGGAAG CCTACATCGATCCTGAGATCGCGAAGCAGAAGAAAGACGAAGGTAACCAGTACTTCAAGGAGGATAAGTT CCCCGAGGCCGTGGCAGCGTACACGGAGGCCATCAAGCGCAACCCTGCCGAGCACACCTCCTACAGCAAT CGCGCGGCCGCGTACATCAAGCTTGGAGCCTTCAACGACGCCCTCAAGGACGCGGAGAAGTGCATTGAGC TGAAGCCCGACTTTGTTAAGGGCTACGCGCGCAAGGGTCATGCTTACTTTTGGACCAAGCAGTACAACCG CGCGCTGCAGGCGTACGATGAGGGCCTCAAGGTGGACCCGAGCAATGCGGACTGCAAGGATGGGCGGTAT CGCACAATCATGAAGATTCAGGAGATGGCATCTGGCCAATCCGCGGATGGCGACGAGGCGGCGCGCCGGG CCATGGACGATCCTGAAATCGCGGCAATCATGCAAGATAGCTACATGCAACTAGTGTTGAAGGAGATGCA GAACGATCCCACGCGCATTCAGGAGTACATGAAGGACTCCGGGATCTCATCGAAGATCAACAAGCTGATT TCAGCTGGCATCATTCGTTTTGGTCAGTAGACTTCTACGCTGCCTCATCTTTTCCGTGTCTTTGCGTCGG CGGGTATCGTAAAGCACAATAAAGCAGCGATTCACATGCACGAGTAAAGTGCTGCGCCTCTCAAACACGA CGTCGAGGCTGTGGTGCAGATGCGCGTCCTGCATGAAGGTAGTGAAGAGGAAAGTAAGGGATGTTGTTTG TGGGCCTTCGTGGCTGCGCACACACCTCTTATCTCCTTCGCTTGGTACCTTCTCCCTTTTTCGTCTTCAC CCCCCTTTCTCTTCTCACGCTCTCCCTGGCGCGGTGGTGCAACGATTTCGTTTTATTTACGTCTGTGTAG CTCCTCTATTCAACGGTGCGATGACGCTAACGAAGCTGGCCTGTATTCGGCTAAGGCGAAGGCAAAAGAC TAGGAGGGGGGGGGGAAGGAGACGGCGTGACCATCACTGCGAAGAAACAAGCCGAAGAAAAGGCCCCGAA CGCCTGCATTTCCGCGCGCCCTCGCCCGCCTTCCTTCCTTCCTTCGCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCGCT ATCTTCTCAACGGAGACATGAAAGGCGTTTGTTAGGAAAAGAGGGGGGGGGGAAGAGTGGGACGACGCGC TGCGTCTTTTGGGCACTGGTCACGTGCGTCACCCTCTTTTTTTATCTCTATTGGCACTGTCTTGTTTCTT TTCCCTTTCCTATCATACGCGTCTCGCAAACGACTCCGCGCTGAGCAGCCATGTGCTGCGGCGTGGAGGA AGTACACAGACATCACGGATGCATATGTGCGCGTCCGTGTACGCGCTTGTATGGGGCTTCTAACAGCGCC TGTGTGTGTTTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTCTGTGTATTTCGAGCGTCTGTATGCTATTCTATTAAG CACCGAAGAAGAGACACACACGACAGCGAAGGAGATGGTGTCGGCTTTTCGGCTAATCACTCCCTTCCAT AGCTTCTCTGAAGGAGGCTCTCTTCCAGAGGAATAGACTGCAGATGGGGTCCACGTTTATCTGAGGAGTC AACGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACTCGAG >AAB37318.1 protein antigen LmSTI1, partial [Leishmania major] DATELKNKGNEEFSAGRYVEAVNYFSKAIQLDEQNSVLYSNRSACFAAMQKYKDALDDADKCISIKPNWA KGYVRRGAALHGMRRYDDAIAAYEKGLKVDPSNSGCAQGVKDVQVAKAREARDPIARVFTPEAFRKIQEN PKLSLLMLQPDYVKMVDTVIRDPSQGRLYMEDQRFALTLMYLSGMKIPNDGDGEEEERPSAKAAETAKPK EEKPLTDNEKEALALKEEGNKLYLSKKFEEALTKYQEAQVKDPNNTLYILNVSAVYFEQGDYDKCIAECE HGIEHGRENHCDYTIIAKLMTRNALCLQRQRKYEAAIDLYKRALVEWRNPDTLKKLTECEKEHQKAVEEA YIDPEIAKQKKDEGNQYFKEDKFPEAVAAYTEAIKRNPAEHTSYSNRAAAYIKLGAFNDALKDAEKCIEL KPDFVKGYARKGHAYFWTKQYNRALQAYDEGLKVDPSNADCKDGRYRTIMKIQEMASGQSADGDEAARRA MDDPEIAAIMQDSYMQLVLKEMQNDPTRIQEYMKDSGISSKINKLISAGIIRFGQ Protective antigen Researchers evaluated the potency of different DNA vaccine candidates in BALB/c mice using high dose footpad parasite challenge with L. major. Mice inoculated pCMV3ISS-LmSTI1 developed significantly smaller lesions in their footpads after challenge with the parasite. The vaccine was able to induce a partially protective effect [Ref1331:Ahmed et al., 2009]. PEPCK Leishmania major strain Friedlin 5649768 157865574 LMJF_11_0260 FR796407 XP_001681494 347515 11 69920 71704 + 9.59 62249.18 594 >NC_007252.2:69920-71704 Leishmania major strain Friedlin complete genome, chromosome 11 GATGATGCGTCTTTCTCGGCTTGGCGTCACGGCCGCCGCCGCCGCGCCGTCGTCGTTTCCGCTGCTTCAG CAGCTCCGTGGCGTGCGCTACGCCAACATCCAGGAGACTCTGAAGCCCATCCCTGGTCAAACTGCAGGCC AGATCTCCATCTTGAACGAGATATGCTGCAACCCGGATGCGGAGGAGGAGCGACGCAAGCCCGTCTTCCG TGCTGAGGTGATGCCAGATGCGGCCGCCGCGGCAGAGGAGGACAACTACCTGCACACGATGCACAAGTGG GGCTACGACTCGCTGACGCTCTTCAAGAAGACGAACGAAGACCCTGGGCCGTGGTGGAACGCCAACGCCA GCACGCTGGCGTCTAACTGGTCGCAGGTTGGCGATTACGCGAATGCCGGCATGTGGTCGGGCGTGTGGCG CTACACGTACGGCATCGGCGAGTATAACCTGCGCCCTTACGAGCTGCGTGGACGTGCGTGGGGCCGCAAG GACCCCAAGACCGGCGCCGTCATGATCCGCTACGGCAAGCGCAGCACCAGCAAGCCGGTGCAGAGGCTCT GCTTTCCGCACACGAAGGAGCACGAGCAGCATCACCGTATCAAAAACCCGGCAAACAAGGACGTGAAGGA GATCTCAGCCCTGCACGGCAAGCGCATTCTGCGCGAGCTTCAGTACCACCTCGGTCAAGGGCTGCGTTTC TACCTGGTAGACGGCGTCTTTGGGAGCGACCCAGGCACCGCTACCCCGTACCGCATCATCACGGACACCC CGACGCATGCCTACTTTGCGTCCATGGCAGCGATTCGCACCTTCAACTACGTGGCGCGGCAGGAGGTGAC GCTTGTGAAGCGACTGTCGCAGTCGCCGATCGACGAGTGGGGGTGGCGCCGTCCTGGCGTGCTCATCTAC CACGCCCCCTCCTACGACTTTGAGAGCCCGCGCATCGTCGAGGAGTTTGGCGGGCCGCGTCCGAAGGATA TGGGGCTCAGTCACAACCGCTTCATCGCAACAGAGCCTTACAGCATTCCCATGAAGTGCGCCATGGGTGG CGAGCCCAGCTGCGACGCACTCCTCGACAGCACAGCGATGCTGTGCGGTCGCTGGGGATTCTACGCCGAC GAGAAAGGCTACCTCACCGTCCCTGGCGAGTCGATCATGTCGAAGGATGGGCGCTCGCTGACGCTGGTGA TCACCGGCGACGAGGCCGACGCGGACGCTCTGCGCACGTCGCCGCAGCTCTACGGTAGCCGACATCACCG CATCGCCAACGGCGTTGTATCCCGTGCGTGGGATGTCGTCTCGATGCCGGCGTGCGCCACTGGCGCAAAG CCGCTGCCCACCGACATAGTGGAGCAGGACCTGCAGCGGGTGCAGCGCAGCTTGCCCACGCGCATGGGCC TCCCGCATACCCTCTCACACCGCCACCACGGCCGCCGCCACGTCAGCGAGTACGGCTTCAAGTGGCCACA CAACTACACGGAGGATGTTTCCACGAAGGCGTACGCCGGTGGGCATCTGTTCAAGGCGCCGAAGACCGAC AAGCTCGCCGGCCATCAGCCGCGTCCTTCGAGGTTTTTGATGAAGGATGTCGATGTGGTGGTCATTGGCG AGGGAGTCGACGCCGCCGCGGCTGTTGTAAGCACACTCAAGGACCGCGGCATGTTGTACGCCGAAGAGGC GCCGCTGAAGGAGGCGATGGCGACGGCGCTGAAGGCGGCAAAGAGTGTAAAAGTGGTGCCCCGTGCAAGC TCGAAGGTCGTGCTAGGGAAGCTGACGCATGTGTA >XP_001681494.1 conserved hypothetical protein [Leishmania major strain Friedlin] MMRLSRLGVTAAAAAPSSFPLLQQLRGVRYANIQETLKPIPGQTAGQISILNEICCNPDAEEERRKPVFR AEVMPDAAAAAEEDNYLHTMHKWGYDSLTLFKKTNEDPGPWWNANASTLASNWSQVGDYANAGMWSGVWR YTYGIGEYNLRPYELRGRAWGRKDPKTGAVMIRYGKRSTSKPVQRLCFPHTKEHEQHHRIKNPANKDVKE ISALHGKRILRELQYHLGQGLRFYLVDGVFGSDPGTATPYRIITDTPTHAYFASMAAIRTFNYVARQEVT LVKRLSQSPIDEWGWRRPGVLIYHAPSYDFESPRIVEEFGGPRPKDMGLSHNRFIATEPYSIPMKCAMGG EPSCDALLDSTAMLCGRWGFYADEKGYLTVPGESIMSKDGRSLTLVITGDEADADALRTSPQLYGSRHHR IANGVVSRAWDVVSMPACATGAKPLPTDIVEQDLQRVQRSLPTRMGLPHTLSHRHHGRRHVSEYGFKWPH NYTEDVSTKAYAGGHLFKAPKTDKLAGHQPRPSRFLMKDVDVVVIGEGVDAAAAVVSTLKDRGMLYAEEA PLKEAMATALKAAKSVKVVPRASSKVVLGKLTHV Protective antigen PSA-2 Leishmania major VO_0011279 5649964 1129058 CDD:215061 CDD:275380 5664 ? surface antigen 2 4.54 37463.69 441 leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase; Provisional >AAB38549.1 surface antigen 2 [Leishmania major] MAQCVRRLVLAATLAAAVALLLCTSSAPVARAAGTGDFTAAQRTNTLAVLQAFGRAIPKLGEKWAGNDFC SWEAVLCNAPDVYVSGISPTYAGTLPEMPVNVDYRHVVIKQLDFSEMGPGLSGTLPASWHSMTSLESLSI EKCESISGSVPPEWGSMTSLSVLNLRGTGISGTLPPQWSGMSKARSLQLQDCDLSGSLPSSWSAIPMLAS VSLKGNKFCGCVPDSWDQKAGLVVDIEDKHKGSDCLAAKDCTTTTTKPSATTATTPNLTNFPPTPRTTTE PLTTTSTEAPAEPTTTTEAPAEPTTTATPTNTPTPAPETECEVDGCEVCEGDSAARCARCREDYFLTDEK TCLKHNDGGVAAVSSGVAAAAVVCVAVLFSVGLAA Protective antigen Intraperitoneal vaccination of C3H/He mice with PSA-2 with Corynebacterium parvum as an adjuvant resulted in complete protection from lesion development after challenge infection with virulent L. major. Significant protection was also obtained in the genetically susceptible BALB/cH-2k and BALB/c mice [Ref1336:Handman et al., 1995]. SP Leishmania major VO_0011276 23168331 CDD:299172 CDD:119398 5664 ? signal peptidase type I 7.75 18937.49 239 The S24, S26 LexA/signal peptidase superfamily contains LexA-related and type I signal peptidase families. The S24 LexA protein domains include: the lambda repressor CI/C2 family and related bacterial prophage repressor proteins; LexA (EC 3.4.21.88), the...; cl10465 >AAN08877.1 signal peptidase type I [Leishmania major] MREHINTLLSLRVRDVIQQVVTVGLFLSIVLVGWRAVAVGTNCEASIVVVLSGSMEPGYYRGDVLLLHHR PEYPVTVGDIIVYTLPGQEIPIVHRVHRIHQRSEDGKKFYLTKGDNNVNDDRFLFRNGREWVEEGMIIGK TYAYVPRIGYLTIMFNESKIIKYLALGLIGFFLLTTTDEM Protective antigen The potential protection of Lmjsp (Leishmania major signal peptidase) was evaluated in three different vaccination strategies (DNA/DNA, Protein/Protein and DNA/Protein), against L. major infection. We demonstrated that vaccination with SPase through all three mentioned strategies induced a parasite specific Th1 response and conferred partial protection against parasite challenge. However, our results indicated that DNA/DNA strategy developed more effective protective responses than the other two approaches and induced 81% reduction in L. major parasite load [Ref1332:Rafati et al., 2006]. SW3.1 Leishmania major VO_0011280 4008565 UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9TVI8 5664 ? histone H1 12.41 9728.18 150 >CAA11592.1 histone H1 [Leishmania major] MSSNSAAAAVSAATTSPQKSSRSSPKRAAVGKKTGAKKVAKKTGAKKVAKKPAKKVVKKPAKKVVKKPAK KVVKKAVKAVKKAVKKVVKAVKTAKKSSKKSSAKK Protective antigen In a murine model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis, researchers investigated the protection elicited by injection of histone H1 (SW3.1) isolated from parasites by perchloric extraction, of a H1 recombinant protein produced in E. coli, and of H1 long and short synthetic peptides, against infection by L. major. Partial protection was achieved in most of the animals as shown by reduction in lesion size, upon immunization with histone H1 or its peptides, provided that the region 1-60 was present in the molecule [Ref1337:Solioz et al., 1999]. TSA Leishmania major VO_0011273 3411093 3411094 AAC31146.1 CDD:140280 CDD:239313 5664 ? thiol specific antioxidant 6.75 20885.27 261 tryparedoxin peroxidase; Provisional >gi|3411093|gb|AF044679.1| Leishmania major thiol specific antioxidant (TSA) mRNA, complete cds CTGTACTTTATTGCCACCAGCCAGCCATGTCCTGCGGTAACGCCAAGATCAACTCTCCCGCGCCGTCCTT CGAGGAGGTGGCGCTCATGCCCAACGGCAGCTTCAAGAAGATCAGCCTCTCCTCCTACAAGGGCAAGTGG GTCGTGCTCTTCTTCTACCCGCTCGACTTTAGCTTCGTGTGCCCGACAGAGGTCATCGCGTTCTCCGACA GCGTGAGTCGCTTCAACGAGCTCAACTGCGAGGTCCTCGCGTGCTCGATAGACAGCGAGTACGCGCACCT GCAGTGGACGCTGCAGGACCGCAAGAAGGGCGGCCTCGGGACCATGGCGATCCCAATGCTAGCCGACAAG ACCAAGAGCATCGCTCGTTCCTACGGCGTGCTGGAGGAGAGCCAGGGCGTGGCCTACCGCGGTCTCTTCA TCATCGACCCCCATGGCATGCTGCGTCAGATCACCGTCAATGACATGCCGGTGGGCCGCAGCGTGGAGGA GGTTCTACGCCTGCTGGAGGCTTTTCAGTTCGTGGAGAAGCACGGCGAGGTGTGCCCCGCGAACTGGAAG AAGGGCGCCCCCACGATGAAGCCGGAACCGAATGCGTCTGTCGAAGGATACTTCAGCAAGCAGTAAACCT GTGAGCGTCGCAGGAGTCAGTGTGACCTCACCCGCCTCTGCCAGTGGGTGCGAGAGGGCGTGAGGGATTG TGGGAAGGCTGTTGGATATGATGCAGACAGCGATGAATGCAACTCCCACACACTGGCCCTCCTCAGCCCT CTCCACACAGACACACGCACGCATGTGCGGTGCTTCTGCTCCTTCATTTCCTGATGCGGTTTCTTTACTA TTTATGTTTTCCCCTGTTTTGGTTTCGCGGAATATGGACGCACGAACGCAGAGAGCAGAGGCGCGACACA CACACACGGGGCGCACACGTGTAAGCGACGGAGCGCGACACAGAGGGGAGAAGCCGGAAAGGATATATGA AATGAAGATGGTGTCCCGCACACACAGGCACGCACACGGGGCGAACGCGTGGCGCGTCCTTTCTATGGTT TCGCTGCTGCTGTTCGTGTTCTCGCTTCGCTGGTTGCAGTTCCGGCTCGTGCTGCCCTGCCTGCCACTCT TGGTCCGTGTCTGTCCGTGTCCGTGTCCGTGTGGGGGGGGGAGAGTTTTTCACTCCCCCGGTCACCTCTA CTGTTTATTATTTATATGTTTATTTATTTCCATATTGACTCAATTCATTCCGTGCGAAAGCCGGCTTGTT CCGGCGTCTTTTGACGAACAACTGCCCTATCAGCTGGTGATGGCCGTGTAGTGGACTGCCATGGCGTTGA CGGGAGCGGGGGATTAGGGTTCGATTCCGGAGAGGGAGCCTGAGAAATAGCTACCACTTCTACGGAGGGC AGCAGGCGCGCAAATTGCCCAATGTCAAAACAAAACGATGAGGCAGCGAAAAGAAATAGAGTTGTCAGTC CATTTGGATTGTCATTTCAATGGGGGATATTTAAACCCATCCAATATCGAGTAACAATTGGAGGACAAGT CTGGTGCCAGCACCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA >AAC31146.1 thiol specific antioxidant [Leishmania major] MSCGNAKINSPAPSFEEVALMPNGSFKKISLSSYKGKWVVLFFYPLDFSFVCPTEVIAFSDSVSRFNELN CEVLACSIDSEYAHLQWTLQDRKKGGLGTMAIPMLADKTKSIARSYGVLEESQGVAYRGLFIIDPHGMLR QITVNDMPVGRSVEEVLRLLEAFQFVEKHGEVCPANWKKGAPTMKPEPNASVEGYFSKQ Protective antigen Researchers evaluated the potency of different DNA vaccine candidates in BALB/c mice using high dose footpad parasite challenge with L. major. Mice inoculated pCMV3ISS-TSA developed significantly smaller lesions in their footpads after challenge with the parasite. The vaccine was able to induce a partially protective effect [Ref1331:Ahmed et al., 2009]. 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