• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004527
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Chickens
• gam56 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3.1(zeo)+ (Xu et al., 2013)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011467
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: E. maxima 82 kDa gametocyte antigen (Gam82)
• gam82 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: The Gam82 coding sequence was amplified by PCR using Proof Start DNA polymerase (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Amplicons were cloned into the pET28a (+) plasmid vector (Novagen/EMD Chemicals, Gibbstown, NJ) downstream from an NH2-terminal His6 epitope tag, plasmid clones were verified by sequence analysis, and used to transform competent Escherichia coli BL21 Star (Invitrogen). Eluted protein fractions were visualized on 10% SDS-acrylamide gels stained with Coomassie brilliant blue and on Western blots probed with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-His monoclonal antibody (1:3000; Qiagen), and stored at −20 °C (Jang et al., 2010).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0000139
  • Description: Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004229
• Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
• Status: Research
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0000191
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: Chickens were vaccinated with Arlacel A injections prior to vaccination with E. maxima oocysts (Smith et al., 1994).

Chicken Response

• Vaccination Protocol: The DNA vaccine was injected intramuscularly to yellow feathered broilers of 1-week old at 3 dosages (25, 50, and 100 µg/chick). Injection was repeated once 1 week later (Xu et al., 2013).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Immune Response: Compared with control groups, the administration of pcDNA-Gam56 vaccine markedly increased the lymphocyte proliferation activity (P<0.05) at day 7 and 14 after the first immunization. The level of lymphocyte proliferation started to decrease on day 21 after the first immunization. A similar trend was seen in specific antibody levels (Xu et al., 2013).
• Challenge Protocol: One week after the second injection, birds were challenged orally with 5×104 sporulated oocysts of E. maxima, then weighed and killed at day 8 post challenge (Xu et al., 2013).
• Efficacy: Among the 3 pcDNA-Gam56 immunized groups, the median dosage group displayed the highest lymphocyte proliferation and antibody levels (P<0.05). The median dosage group had the greatest relative body weight gain (89.7%), and the greatest oocyst shedding reduction (53.7%) (Xu et al., 2013).

Chicken Response

• Host Strain: Ross broiler
• Vaccination Protocol: At 1 wk of age, chickens (30/group) were intramuscularly immunized with 100 μl of 300 or 600 μg/ml of recombinant Gam82 in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Control animals received PBS in FCA. At 1 wk post-immunization, animals were given a booster injection with 100 μl of 300 or 600 μg/ml of recombinant Gam82, 3-1E, or PBS in Freund's incomplete adjuvant Ref1077:Jang et al., 2010].
• Challenge Protocol: At 7 d post-secondary immunization, animals were given PBS or 2.0 × 10^4 E. maxima sporulated oocysts by oral gavage using an 18-gauge needle (Jang et al., 2010).
• Efficacy: Animals vaccinated with Gam82 and challenged with E. maxima showed lower oocyst shedding and reduced intestinal pathology compared with non-vaccinated and parasite-challenged animals. Gam82 vaccination also stimulated the production of antigen-specific serum antibodies and induced greater levels of IL-2 and IL-15 mRNAs compared with non-vaccinated controls. These results demonstrate that the Gam82 recombinant protein protects against E. maxima and augments humoral and cell-mediated immunity (Jang et al., 2010).
• Host IL15 response
  • Description: Three and six days after second immunization with 60 micrograms of Gam82, there was a significant difference in IL-15 mRNA levels between the immunized and non immunized (PBS vaccinated) groups of chickens. Levels were determined in intestinal tissue (Jang et al., 2010).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Host IL2 response
  • Description: Three days after second immunization with 60 micrograms of Gam82, there was a significant difference in IL-2 mRNA levels between the immunized and non immunized (PBS vaccinated) groups of chickens. Levels were determined in intestinal tissue (Jang et al., 2010).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.

Chicken Response

• Host Strain: Vedette
• Vaccination Protocol: Hens were injected intramuscularly with 0.25 ml of PBS in 0.25 ml of Arlacel A in weeks 0, 2, and 6 of the study (Smith et al., 1994).
• Challenge Protocol: At week 16 hens were infected with 20,000 oocysts of E. maxima (Smith et al., 1994).
• Efficacy: None of the hens vaccinated had clinical symptoms of infection (Smith et al., 1994).