• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007186
• Type: Dendritic Cell Vaccine
• Status: Research
• Preparation: To obtain SOCS1-silenced DCs, DCs derived from mouse bone marrow cells ex vivo were induced to differentiation in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4, and then transduced with Len-SOCS1-shRNA or control Len-GFP lentiviruses. The SOCS1-silenced DCs were loaded by TRP2 peptide to prepare the DC vaccine, which was induced to mature by LPS. The DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) for surface expressions of MHCII and CD86 and by real-time PCR for the expressions of SOCS1, IL-10 as well as IL-12p40. B16 or IL-10-silenced B16 (IL-10(-/-);) cells were inoculated into C57BL/6 mice (Wang et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004739
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• Antigen: p53
• human TP53 (P53) gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: Several canarypox virus recombinants expressing human or murine p53 in wild-type or mutant form were constructed (Roth et al., 1996).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: Several canarypox virus recombinants expressing human or murine p53 in wild-type or mutant form were constructed (Roth et al., 1996).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: Potent T-cell and IgG antibody responses against the vector component of the ALVAC vaccine were induced in the majority of the colorectal cancer patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent-spot assay (ELISPOT) analysis of vaccine-induced immunity revealed the presence of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells against both ALVAC and p53, whereas no significant interleukin-4 responses were detected. Vaccine-mediated enhancement of p53-specific T-cell immunity was found in two patients in the highest-vaccine-dose group.(van et al., 2002)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007264
• Type: Anti-idiotypic vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: (HMW-MAA) mAb 763.74.
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: There has been research using this vaccine to modulate immunogenicity in melanoma. (Mittelman et al., 1995)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004250
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: mouse
• E7 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: Listeria ΔactA/ΔinlB-AH1-A5 (Brockstedt et al., 2004).
• Preparation: Attenuated LM were genetically modified to express HPV16 E7 protein (Jia et al., 2017).
• Immunization Route: Intravenous injection (i.v.)
• Description: This vaccine has been used in trials involving cervical cancer. (Jia et al., 2017)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004427
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
• Antigen: Immunoglobulin
• Immunoglobulin gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: The DNA encoded a chimeric immunoglobulin molecule containing variable heavy and light chain immunoglobulin sequences derived from each patient’s tumor (Timmerman et al., 2002).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: VCL-1632 (Timmerman et al., 2002)
• Preparation: The vaccine is made of DNA encoded a chimeric immunoglobulin molecule containing variable heavy and light chain immunoglobulin sequences derived from each patient’s tumor, linked to the IgG2a and κ mouse immunoglobulin (MsIg) heavy- and light-chain constant regions chains, respectively (Timmerman et al., 2002). DNA used could also encode an ld/GM-CSF (Syrengelas et al., 1996).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: This vaccine has been used in clinical trials involving B-cell lymphoma. (Syrengelas et al., 1996)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004430
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• TYRP1 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Tyrp1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pSport-hTRP-1, based on pSport-B-gal (Leitner et al., 2003)
• Preparation: Vaccine is made with naked DNA encoding an alphavirus replicon (self-replicating mRNA) and the self/tumor antigen tyrosinase-related protein-1 with antigen expression controlled by cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (Leitner et al., 2003).
• Immunization Route: Gene gun
• Description: This vaccine has been used in research involving melanoma. (Leitner et al., 2003)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004429
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Tyrp1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pSin-B-gal (Leitner et al., 2003)
• Preparation: The replicase-based plasmids (pSin-mTRP-1, pSin-hTRP-1) are derived from pSin-β-gal (Leitner et al., 2003).
• Immunization Route: Gene gun
• Description: This vaccine has been used in research involving melanoma. (Leitner et al., 2003)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004518
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Tyrp1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pSin-B-gal (Leitner et al., 2003)
• Immunization Route: Gene gun

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0001380
• Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: Irradiated B16 cells (Pope et al., 1994).
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001300
• Preparation: Loxoribine can be used to promote inhibition of B16 metastasis (Pope et al., 1994).
• Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
• Description: This vaccine has been used in clinical trials involving melanoma. (Pope et al., 1994)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011367
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Eng gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA Vaccine Construction and Recombinant Prot
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3.1(+) (Tan et al., 2007)
• Immunization Route: i.m. injection for DNA, s.c. for protein

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011364
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• SLC5A5 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) is a transmembrane protein that actively transports iodide ions into thyroid cells. hNIS is over-expressed in some cases of the thyroid cancers compared with the surrounding normal tissues and has been considered to be an attractive target for immunotherapy. Minimalistic immunogenically defined gene expression (MIDGE) was used as a vector system (Choi et al., 2007).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: Minimalistic immunogenically defined gene expression (MIDGE), derived from hNIS plasmid, pcDNA3.1-hNIS (Choi et al., 2007).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004425
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Fragment C from tetanus toxin gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: This DNA vaccine expressed the first domain of fragment C (FrC)3 from tetanus toxin (DOM; TT865–1120) with sequence encoding the AH1 CTL epitope fused to the 3 terminus (Buchan et al., 2005).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3 (Buchan et al., 2005)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011373
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: Cd86
• Cd86 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: A DNA fragment encoding the entire open reading frame of murine B7-2 was amplified by reverse transcription-coupled PCR (27) from RNA prepared from LPS-activated murine spleen cells (15). The sense primer (S’-TCGATAGGAATTCGTAGACGTGTTCCAGAACIT3’) consists of an oligonucleotide corresponding to 64 to 83 nucleotides of murine B7-2 cDNA, plus a restriction site for EcoRI. The antisense primer (5’-TACGATACTCGAGTCTCACTGCCTTCACTCTGCAT-3') corresponds to 1018 to 1039 nucleotides of murine B7-2 cDNA, plus a site for Xhol. The PCR product was cloned directly into the vector pLXSHD (provided by Dr. D. Miller, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA) (Yang et al., 1995).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pLXSHD
• Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011365
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Survivin gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• CD40 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pVAX (Lladser et al., 2010)
• Immunization Route: Intradermal injection (i.d.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011370
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: EPCAM (GA733)
• EPCAM gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0000884
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011363
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: ERBB2
• ERBB2 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001147
  • Description: Gerbu Adjuvant and recombinant IL-2 (Wagner et al., 2007).
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001293
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011372
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: CD40 Ligand
• Cd40lg gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: Murine CD40 ligand (mCD40L) gene was cloned from a c D N A library generated from activated T cells (Coleclough, 1993) using seminested P C R primers that incorporated a Kpn I site at the 5' end of the gene and a Cta I site at the 3' end of the gene using AmpliTaq (Perkin-Elmer, Branchburg, NJ) according to the manufacturer's protocols. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was inserted into p G E M 7 Z (Pharmacia Biotech Inc., Piscataway, NJ) and the correct D N A sequence of a full-length clone as compared to published data (Armitage et al, 1992) was confirmed. The m u C D 4 0 L gene was then subcloned into the Gla retroviral vector derived from Moloney murine leukemia virus (Genetic Therapy, Inc., Gaithersburg, M D ) using the Xho I and Hind II sites (pGla.mCD40L) and used to manufacture a producer cell line (Grossmann et al., 1997).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: Gla retroviral vector
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011510
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• CEACAM5 (CEA) gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: Dendritic Cells (Bae et al., 2009).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011366
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• CTAG1B gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0000757
  • Description: ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (Maraskovsky et al., 2004).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004227
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: Peptide GF001, comprising the H-2Db-restricted minimal CTL epitope of HPV16 E7 protein (Fernando et al., 1998).
• E7 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001286
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004228
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Licensed
• Antigen: Peptide GF001, comprising the H-2Db-restricted minimal CTL epitope of HPV16 E7 protein (Fernando et al., 1998).
• E7 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001263
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0011371
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: VEGFA
• VEGFA gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0000127
  • Description: Aluminum hydroxide, VSSP, and CAF01
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004426
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• E2A gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pVAX (Lindencrona et al., 2004)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007600
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Clinical trial
• Antigen:  p42.3
• Preparation: We immunized C57BL/6 mice with a DNA vaccine encoding p42.3. We used intramuscular injection with electroporation, either before or after challenge with tumor B16F10 cells. Vaccination with pcDNA3-p42.3 induced some degree of antitumor effect both therapeutically and prophylactically, as evaluated by the inhibition of tumor growth and decrease in tumor weight (Liu et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007603
• Type: DNA and tumor vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: ESAT-6
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: Mice immunized with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored 6-kDa early-secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) DNA vaccine (ESAT-6-gpi) and the tumour vaccine B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi/IL-21 might significantly enhance immune responses and antimelanoma efficacy. Our experimental results indicated that the anti-ESAT-6 antibody induced by the DNA vaccine ESAT-6-gpi bound ESAT-6 to the surface of tumour vaccine to activate a complement classical pathway and resulted in the B16F10 tumour cell lysis and apoptosis, which served as a potential trigger for breaking melanomatous immune tolerance to elicit an initiation of natural antimelanoma immunity (He et al., 2013).

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007605
• Type: monoclonal antibodies
• Status: Licensed
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007489
• Type: peptide
• Status: Research
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: To understand why cancer vaccine-induced T cells often do not eradicate tumors, we studied immune responses in mice vaccinated with gp100 melanoma peptide in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (peptide/IFA), which is commonly used in clinical cancer vaccine trials (Hailemichael et al., 2013).

• Product Name: Chen et al., 2012
• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007612
• Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) and ISCOM(Chen et al., 2012)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007613
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Clinical trial
• Antigen: MART-1 (hMART-IT)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: Induces protective antimelanoma immunity in a B16F10 transplantable mouse model (Tanaka et al., 2011).

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007614
• Type: Peptide based vaccine
• Status: Research
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007615
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Preparation: Hydrogel-containing gel-forming substances and human recombinant Hsp70 applied on the surface of a 7-day-old B16F10 melanoma tumor (Abkin et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: The application of Hsp70 gel reduced the rate of tumor growth by 64% and prolonged the life of animals by 46% (Abkin et al., 2013).

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007652
• Type: Tumor cell vaccine
• Status: Research
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007633
• Type: monoclonal antibody and peptide vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 surface Ag, self-differentiation Ags gp100 and TRP-2 (Ly et al., 2013)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004437
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• MUC1 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pCEP4 expressed MUC1, a transmembrane molecule whose major extracellular domain is composed of tandem repeat units of 20 amino acids (Kamata et al., 2002).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Muc1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Kamata et al., 2002)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pCEP4 (Kamata et al., 2002)
• Immunization Route: Intradermal injection (i.d.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004398
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Fragment C from tetanus toxin gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: This vaccine encoded T-cell antigen receptor Valpha, Vbeta, and Fragment C (Thirdborough et al., 2002).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3 (Thirdborough et al., 2002)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004708
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• MUC5B gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Pol et al., 2014)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: An attenuated Maraba strain, defined as MG1, was used to express a melanoma-associated tumor antigen (Pol et al., 2014).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007638
• Type: Cytomegalovirus-based cancer vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: TRP2
• Preparation: We expressed an unmodified melanoma antigen, mouse tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2), in mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Prophylactic vaccination of the mice with a single dose of MCMV-TRP2 induced rejection of B16 melanoma challenge; therapeutic vaccination with MCMV-TRP2 prolonged the survival of the mice challenged with B16 cells (Xu et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007639
• Type: Whole cell
• Status: Research
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004440
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• HUMGP 75 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• TRP-2 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: This article informs the gene used in the cancer vaccine engineering. (Weber et al., 1998)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: WRG/BEN (Weber et al., 1998)
• Immunization Route: Gene gun

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004442
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Antigen: TRP-2
• TRP-2 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pCR3 expressed human-tyrosinase-related protein-2 (hTRP2) (Hawkins et al., 2002).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pCR3
• Immunization Route: Gene gun

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004438
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• gp100 (PMEL) gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pWRG1644 expressed the human melanoma-associated antigen, gp100 (Rakhmilevich et al., 2001).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pWRG1644 (Rakhmilevich et al., 2001)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004433
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• GRP gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: This vaccine encoded six tandem repeats of a fragment of GRP from amino acids 18 to 27 (GRP6) flanked by helper T-cell epitopes for increased immunogenicity, including HSP65, a tetanus toxoid fragment from amino acids 830 to 844 (T), pan-HLA-DR-binding epitope (PADRE) (P), and two repeats of a mycobacterial HSP70 fragment from amino acids 407 to 426 (M) (Fang et al., 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pCR3.1 (Fang et al., 2009)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004435
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• GM-CSF (Mus musculus) gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pNGVL4a expressed GM-CSF and MAGE-1 (Sun et al., 2002).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• MAGEA1 (MAGE1) gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Sun et al., 2002)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pNGVL4a (Sun et al., 2002)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004434
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• GM-CSF (Mus musculus) gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pNGVL3 expressed GM-CSF and MAGE-1 (Sun et al., 2002).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• MAGEA1 (MAGE1) gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Sun et al., 2002)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pNGVL3 (Sun et al., 2002)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004443
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Ubiquitin gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Trp2 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA 3.1 (-). (Zhang et al., 2005)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004436
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Mcam gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector SINCp expressed murine melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/MUC18) (Leslie et al., 2007).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: SINCp (Leslie et al., 2007)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004432
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Survivin gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector VR expressed novel truncations of survivin, is overexpressed in major types of cancer and is considered an ideal ‘‘universal’’ tumor-associated antigen (Zhang et al., 2012).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: VR (Zhang et al., 2012)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004439
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Pmel17 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: VR1012 (Wagner et al., 2000)
• Immunization Route: Intradermal injection (i.d.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004441
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• TRP-1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: Vector pSC65 and rVV expressed tyrosinase-related protein TRP-1 (Overwijk et al., 1999).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pSC65 and recombinant vaccinia virus (Overwijk et al., 1999)
• Immunization Route: Intravenous injection (i.v.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007644
• Type: peptide, DC
• Status: Licensed
• Preparation: C57BL/6J mice were challenged subcutaneously with B16F10 melanoma cells, after vaccination . Alternatively, a neutralizing anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was subcutaneously administered at the site of tumor challenge to counteract regulatory cells. Finally, combinatorial treatment was performed associating human gp10025-33 peptide-pulsed DC vaccination with administration of the anti-IL-10 mAb (Kalli et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004616
• Type: multivalent
• Status: Research
• Antigen: MART-1, gp100 (Pmel17), NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A1, tyrosinase, TRP-1 (gp75), TRP-2, CD146 and CD71, melanotransferrin
• MLANA gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Suriano et al., 2013)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• MAGEA1-Duplicate gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Suriano et al., 2013)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• gp100 (PMEL) gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Suriano et al., 2013)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: The approach focuses on the use of five primary patient derived melanoma cells (MEL-2, MEL-V, 3MM, KFM, and GLM-2). These cells display differential in vitro migratory and invasive properties as well as have the ability to form solid tumors when implanted into BALB/c nude mice. The retention of the innate phenotype of these primary patient derived cells together with the expression of a multitude repertoire of melanoma associated antigens offers a novel opportunity to target melanoma so as to avoid immune evasion (Suriano et al., 2013).

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004444
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• HuD gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pcDNA 3.1 expressed Hu proteins which are the human homologues of the Drosophila protein elav, including HuD (Carpentier et al., 1998).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA 3.1 (Carpentier et al., 1998)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004615
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: MCPyV ST aa 1-186
• Preparation: Developed a MCPyV ST-expressing tumor cell line from B16 mouse melanoma cells. The DNA vaccine we generated encoded MCPyV ST aa 1-186 (pcDNA3-MCC/ST (Gomez et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004705
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• H2-K1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: Recombinant poliovirus to induce CTL responses to a segment of the chicken ovalbumin gene, which encodes for the H2-Kb-restricted CTL epitope SIINFEKL, was cloned at the junction of the P1 and P2 regions (Mandl et al., 1998).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: A segment of the chicken ovalbumin gene, which includes the H2-Kb-restricted CTL epitope SIINFEKL, was cloned at the junction of the P1 and P2 regions (Mandl et al., 1998).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007098
• Type: Dendritic cell-based vaccine
• Status: Research
• Preparation: assessing the ability of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines to induce a long-lasting tumor-specific CTL response in either prophylactic or therapeutic settings by taking advantage of transplantable and spontaneous mouse tumor models(Ricupito et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: This is for Melanoma Cancer. Prime/boost vaccination proved to be of no advantage or even detrimental in therapeutic settings in B16F1 and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) models, respectively (Ricupito et al., 2013).

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004451
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Prostate stem cell antigen gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pcDNA3 expressed prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) (Garcia-Hernandez et al., 2008).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3 prime, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons boost (Garcia-Hernandez et al., 2008)
• Immunization Route: Gene gun

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004445
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Steap1 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pcDNA3 expressed six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (Garcia-Hernandez et al., 2007).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3 prime, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-like replicon particles boost (Garcia-Hernandez et al., 2007)
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004452
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Prostate stem cell antigen gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pIRES2 DsRed2 expressed murine prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) (Ahmad et al., 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pIRES2 DsRed2 (Ahmad et al., 2009)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004450
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• HSP47 gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pcDNA3.1(+) expressed heat shock proteins (Zhang et al., 2007).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Prostate stem cell antigen gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pcDNA3.1(+) expressed prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) (Zhang et al., 2007).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3.1(+) (Zhang et al., 2007)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004449
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Prostate-specific membrane antigen gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• PAP gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• IgG Fc gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• KLK3 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pcDNA3 (Qin et al., 2005)
• Immunization Route: Gene gun

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004448
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Prostate specific antigen gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pVAX1 expressed prostate -specific antigen (Roos et al., 2005).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: pVAX1 (Roos et al., 2005)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004245
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: Recombinant GA733-2 Ag (Basak et al., 2000).
• EPCAM gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Basak et al., 2000)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001317
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Product Name: PVSRIPO [RIPO(H3.3)]
• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007651
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: None
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
• Antigen: RIPO(H3.3) expresses and processes the foreign H3.3(K27M) antigen, which is a high affinity HLA-A2-restricted tumor neoantigen (Mosaheb et al., 2020).
• Vector: PVSRIPO vaccine vector (Mosaheb et al., 2020)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: mRIPO(H3.3) enhances survival in a mouse glioma model (Mosaheb et al., 2020). RIPO(H3.3) also induces type I IFN activation of human DCs (Mosaheb et al., 2020).

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004716
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• Trp2 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: An unmodified melanoma antigen, mouse tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2), in mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) (Xu et al., 2013).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: An unmodified melanoma antigen, mouse tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2), in mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)(Xu et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004713
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• FCY1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Lange et al., 2013)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• SPBC17D11.03c hypothetical protein gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Lange et al., 2013)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: A measles vaccine virus (MeV) vector expressing super cytosine deaminase (SCD), a fusion protein of yeast cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (Lange et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004761
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• E6 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: (Zhi et al., 2002)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• E7 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: (Zhi et al., 2002) In this vaccine, the HPV16 early E6 and E7 genes were expressing by a vaccinia virus TianTan vector.
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004258
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: The 140-aa synthetic MUC1 peptide (Soares et al., 2001).
• MUC1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: This article lays out the relationship between MUC1 and tumor growth used in cancer vaccines. (Soares et al., 2001)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001336
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: SOCS1 expression in DCs was down-regulated by 80% after Len-SOCS1-shRNA lentivirus infection. In the DCs with down-regulated SOCS1 expression, the expressions of MHCII and CD86 increased a little, which did not differ significantly from the control DCs, and IL-10 level dropped and IL-12p40 went up significantly compared with the control DCs. This vaccine has been used in treatment of Melanoma. (Wang et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were immunized with the viruses constructed (Roth et al., 1996).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged with an isogenic and highly tumorigenic mouse fibroblast tumor cell line expressing high levels of mutant p53 (Roth et al., 1996).
• Efficacy: The tumor protection was equally effective regardless of whether wild-type or mutant p53 was used for the immunization, indicating that the immunologic response was not dependent on any particular p53 mutation and that immunization with this live virus vaccine works effectively against mutant p53 protein expressed in a tumor cell (Roth et al., 1996).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: Female BALB/c mice were implanted i.v. with 2 × 10^5 CT26 cells on day 0. Four days later, mice were randomized and vaccinated i.v. with the indicated Listeria strains or Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) as negative control (Brockstedt et al., 2004).
• Challenge Protocol: Female BALB/c mice were implanted i.v. with 2 × 10^5 CT26 cells on day 0 (Brockstedt et al., 2004).
• Efficacy: Therapeutic vaccination of CT26 tumor-bearing mice with ΔactA/ΔinlB-AH1-A5, but not with the ΔactA control strain, resulted in a significant prolongation of life with 40% long-term survivors (P < 0.0001) (Brockstedt et al., 2004).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Immunization with 10–100 μg induced specific anti-ld antibody responses and protected mice against tumor challenge (Timmerman et al., 2002; Syrengelas et al., 1996).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: To test the efficacy of replicase-based TRP-1 plasmids, gene-gun−immunized mice were challenged subcutaneously with B16 melanoma. This vaccine provided strong tumor protection, with around 50% of mice still tumor-free 21 days after challenge (Leitner et al., 2003).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: To test the efficacy of replicase-based TRP-1 plasmids, gene-gun−immunized mice were challenged subcutaneously with B16 melanoma. This vaccine provided strong tumor protection, with around 60% of mice still tumor-free 21 days after challenge (Leitner et al., 2003).

Mouse Response

• Efficacy: To test the efficacy of replicase-based TRP-1 plasmids, gene-gun−immunized mice were challenged subcutaneously with B16 melanoma. This vaccine provided strong tumor protection, with around 70% of mice still tumor-free 21 days after challenge (Leitner et al., 2003).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57BL/6J
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were injected i.p. with 0.5 ml irradiated cells 21 and 14 days before challenge, and were injected with loxoribine prior to challenge (Pope et al., 1994).
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged i.v. with live B16 cells (Pope et al., 1994).
• Efficacy: Mice treated with loxoribine had significant inhibition of tumor growth following challenge with live B16 cells (Pope et al., 1994).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c, C57BL/6
• Vaccination Protocol: The method of ppEDG DNA immunization; mice were injected i.m. in both quadriceps. A 1-ml insulin syringe was used for all injections and each single dose consisted of 100 μg that was diluted in normal saline of a total volume of 100 μl and split between both legs. The method of pEDG protein immunization; mice were injected s.c. and each single dose consisted of 10 μg that was also diluted in normal saline of a total volume of 100 μl. To investigate the protective anti-tumor effects mice at 6 to 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into the following 4 groups of 10 animals each. Group 1 (DP) mice were vaccinated with pEDG and ppEDG simultaneously once weekly for 4 continuous weeks. Group 2 (DD) mice were vaccinated with pEDG alone at the same time-points as in the group 1. Group 3 (PP) mice were vaccinated with ppEDG alone. Group 4 (NS) mice were injected with 100 μl normal saline. (Tan et al., 2007).
• Immune Response: CTL response against endoglin-positive HUVECs, but not against endoglin-negative tumor cells was found in the mice combined DNA with protein vaccination. In addition, combination of endoglin DNA and recombinant protein vaccination significantly induced IFN-gamma secreting cells (Tan et al., 2007).
• Challenge Protocol: One week after the last vaccination or saline injection all the experimental mice were subcutaneously injected with 2×10^6 live tumor cells (Tan et al., 2007).
• Efficacy: The results showed that combination of endoglin DNA and protein vaccines could enhance both protective and therapeutic anti-tumor efficacy in both colon carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma models. Significant inhibition of tumor angiogenesis was found in the tumor tissues (Tan et al., 2007).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: Balb/C
• Vaccination Protocol: mice (4 per group) were vaccinated i.m. with 100 &mu;g per mouse of pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA3.1/hNIS in a 100 &mu;l volume. The groups primed with MIDGE/hNIS or MIDGE/hNIS-NLS received 54.8 &mu;g/100 &mu;l per mouse, which is an equimolar concentration of the plasmids. One week later, the mice were boosted with the same amount of DNA (Choi et al., 2007).
• Challenge Protocol: One week after the final vaccination, the mice were challenged subcutaneously (s.c.) with CT26/NIS tumor cells at 5 × 10^4 cells/mouse in the hind-right legs (Choi et al., 2007).
• Efficacy: Immunization with the hNIS encoding vectors induced antigen-mediated antitumor activity against NIS-expressing CT26 tumors in vivo, with the highest tumor free rate (100%) and lowest tumor growth being observed up to 40 days after the CT26/NIS tumor challenge with MIDGE/hNIS than those resulting from other immunization groups (Choi et al., 2007).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Immune Response: Vaccination was rendered effective by electroporation, priming higher levels of AH1-specific CD8(+) T cells able to protect mice from tumor growth (Buchan et al., 2005).
• Efficacy: Delivery in a suboptimal volume (2 × 10 μl) did not mediate protection. However, protective efficacy was completely restored when suboptimal volume was combined with electroporation (p < 0.003). Therefore, this vaccine was able to protect from CT26 tumor in vivo (Buchan et al., 2005).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: For immunization experiments, mice were injected into the shaved right back with live tumor cells by using the same procedure as described above, and tumor nodules were removed surgically at day 10 (Yang et al., 1995).
• Challenge Protocol: Two weeks after tumor removal, the mice were challenged into the left back or the frank with wt tumor cells at 1 X 10^5 /mouse (P815) or 2 X 10^5 /mouse (Yang et al., 1995).
• Efficacy: A plasmid containing murine B7-2 (Cd86) cDNA was transfected into the immunogenic mouse mastocytoma P815 of DBA/2 origin. In contrast to the lethal growth of the wild-type (wt) P815 tumor, B7-2-positive (B7-2+) P815 cells inoculated into syngeneic mice regressed, and immunization of mice with such tumor cells protected them against the challenge of wt P815 tumor (Yang et al., 1995).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57BL/6
• Vaccination Protocol: C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and injected intradermally with 40 μg (40 μl of PBS) of plasmid DNA at two sites (20 μg each) near the base of the tail using a 29-gauge insulin-grade syringe. Mice were immunized two times either at days −21 and −7 (early setting) or at days +10 and +17 (late setting) with respect to tumor challenge, referred as day 0 (Lladser et al., 2010).
• Immune Response: Intradermal DNA EP of mice with a human survivin encoding plasmid generated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses cross-reactive with the mouse epitope surv(20-28), as determined by intracellular IFN-gamma staining, suggesting that self-tolerance has been broken. Survivin-specific CTLs displayed an activated effector phenotype as determined by CD44 and CD107 up-regulation. Vaccinated mice displayed specific cytotoxic activity against B16 and peptide-pulsed RMA-S cells in vitro as well as against surv(20-28) peptide-pulsed target cells in vivo (Lladser et al., 2010).
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged with a lethal dose of syngeneic B16 melanoma cells (Lladser et al., 2010).
• Efficacy: Intradermal EP with a survivin DNA vaccine suppressed angiogenesis in vivo and elicited protection against highly aggressive syngeneic B16 melanoma tumor challenge (Lladser et al., 2010).

Mouse Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were immunized with 100 lg of Ab2 BR3E4 in CFA/IFA on days 0, 12, and 33, or with 5 lg alum-precipitated GA733-2E on days 0, 14, and 28 (Maruyama et al., 2000).
• Challenge Protocol: Immunized mice (4±6/group) were challenged s.c. with 4 x 10^7 CT26-ALGA710-3H cells expressing the GA733 antigen or with parental, antigen-negative
  CT26 cells 2 weeks after the last immunization. Tumors were measured with a caliper twice each week for up to 2 months after the challenge (Maruyama et al., 2000).
• Efficacy: The full-length GA733 (epcam) antigen expressed by recombinant adenovirus inhibited the growth of established tumors in mice (Maruyama et al., 2000).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: FVB/N, BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: FVB/N transgenic mice spontaneously developing c-neu overexpressing breast cancers were used. Mice were immunized with the combination of the three peptides P4, P6, and P7 coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT-conjugates; BALB/c and FVB/N n = 5/group, MMTV-c-neu trangenic mice n = 8/group) using 15 μg of each peptide conjugate or with co-applicated IL-12 (BALB/c and FVB/N n = 5/group, MMTV-c-neu trangenic mice n = 7/group). Control BALB/c and FVB/N mice (n = 5/group) received TT and control MMTV-c-neu transgenic mice received TT (n = 8) or IL-12 (n = 5) alone or remained unimmunized (n = 8) (Wagner et al., 2007).
• Efficacy: At the time all untreated mice had developed tumors about 40% of peptide-immunized mice and nearly 60% of mice immunized with the peptide vaccine co-applied with IL-12 remained tumor free (Wagner et al., 2007).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: A/J
• Vaccination Protocol: A/J (H^'') female mice (Jackson Labs) received a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection consisting of 2 X 10* cells total unless otherwise noted in the figure legends. The cells were either neuro-2a/neo cells ( 0 % C D 4 0 L positive), neuro-2a/CD40L (70% CD40L positive), or neuro-2a/neo cells mixed with various
  numbers of neuro-2a/CD40L cells to the appropriate percentages of CD40L-positive cells (Grossmann et al., 1997).
• Challenge Protocol: Antitumor effects were tested with subsequent challenge with parental neuro-2a cells (Grossmann et al., 1997).
• Efficacy: Transgenic expression of the CD40L (Cd40lg) increased immune responses against a weakly immunogenic murine tumor, neuro-2a. Tumor cells were transduced with a retroviral construct containing the CD40L gene and co-injected with variable numbers of non-CD40L transduced cells into syngeneic mice. Mice injected with cells that expressed CD40L had a significant reduction in average tumor size as compared to controls (p < 0.0001). In addition, survival of the neuro-2a/CD40L mice was 48 days versus 34 days for the neuro-2a/neo controls (p < 0.02). Expression of CD40L by less than 1.5% of neuro-2a cells was sufficient for significant antitumor effects (p < 0.001). These antitumor effects protected mice from subsequent challenge with parental neuro-2a cells (Grossmann et al., 1997).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: B6
• Vaccination Protocol: To establish a CEA-positive tumour-bearing mouse model, 6-week-old B6 mice were injected in the right flank with MC38-CEA2 cells (1 × 106) each. At 7 days after tumour cell injection, mice were immunized at the tail base with DCs pulsed with CEA or Tat-CEA proteins (1 × 106 cells/mouse in 100 µl PBS) at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Control mice were injected with PBS only (Bae et al., 2009).
• Challenge Protocol: To establish a CEA-positive tumour-bearing mouse model, 6-week-old B6 mice were injected in the right flank with MC38-CEA2 cells (1 × 106) each (Bae et al., 2009).
• Efficacy: In vivo, the DC (Tat-CEA) vaccine delayed tumour growth significantly and prolonged survival of tumour-bearing mice (Bae et al., 2009).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c and C57BL/6
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were immunized s.c. with 100 μl into the scruff of the neck with the NY-ESO-1 vaccine (5 μg of both NY-ESO-1 and ISCOPREP saponin), or with NY-ESO-1 protein (5 μg of protein) or with the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (5 μg of ISCOPREP saponin) (Maraskovsky et al., 2004).
• Immune Response: The NY-ESO-1 vaccine induced strong NY-ESO-1-specific IFN-gamma and IgG2a responses in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, the NY-ESO-1 vaccine induced NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) CTLs in HLA-A2 transgenic mice that were capable of lysing human HLA-A2(+) NY-ESO-1(+) tumor cells (Maraskovsky et al., 2004).
• Challenge Protocol: B16 melanoma cells were transfected using electroporation with the mammalian expression plasmid, pCDNA3, encoding the cDNA for NY-ESO-1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Selection with G418 (800 μg/ml) and limit-dilution cloning yielded a clone expressing NY-ESO-1 (B16-NY-ESO-1) as determined by IHC and quantitative real-time PCR. C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated twice (at 0 and 4 weeks) with the NY-ESO-1 vaccine, or with the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant alone as a control. Four weeks after the second immunization, mice were challenged with B16-NY-ESO-1. The tumor cells (1 × 10^4) were injected s.c. on the back, and tumor volume was measured over time (Maraskovsky et al., 2004).
• Efficacy: C57BL/6 mice, immunized with the NY-ESO-1 vaccine, were protected against challenge with a B16 melanoma cell line expressing NY-ESO-1 (Maraskovsky et al., 2004).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57BL/6J
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice (8 to 10 per group) were immunized s.c. at the base of the tail with 50 µg of E7GST protein, or 50 µg OVA as control, and 10 µg of Quil-A or 50 µg of Algammulin as adjuvant (Fernando et al., 1998).
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged with 3 x 10^6 cells of EL4.E7 tumor or 2 x 10^6 cells of C3 cells 14 days after the last immunization (Fernando et al., 1998).
• Efficacy: Immunization with E7 and Algammulin (an alum-based adjuvant) induced a Th2-like response and provided no tumor protection (Fernando et al., 1998).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57BL/6J
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice (8 to 10 per group) were immunized s.c. at the base of the tail with 50 µg of E7GST protein, or 50 µg OVA as control, and 10 µg of Quil-A or 50 µg of Algammulin as adjuvant (Fernando et al., 1998).
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged with 3 x 10^6 cells of EL4.E7 tumor or 2 x 10^6 cells of C3 cells 14 days after the last immunization (Fernando et al., 1998).
• Efficacy: Growth of EL4.E7 was reduced following immunization with E7 and Quil-A (an adjuvant that induced a Th1-type response to E7) or with GF001 and Quil-A (Fernando et al., 1998).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57BL/6
• Vaccination Protocol: Immunization was done subcutaneously (sc) with 100 μg antigen in 200 μl of the antigen-adjuvant preparation. The immunization scheme included weekly immunizations for six consecutive weeks. Control mice only received vehicle or adjuvant (Morera et al., 2008).
• Challenge Protocol: Animals were challenged with a sc injection of 2 × 104 B16-F10 melanoma cells, 4 days after the third immunization (Morera et al., 2008).
• Efficacy: A protein vaccine candidate, based on a human modified VEGF antigen that is expressed at high levels in E. coli was developed. With respect to controls, immunization experiments in C57BL/6 mice using weekly doses of this antigen and three adjuvants of different chemical natures show that time for tumor development after subcutaneous injection of Melanoma B16-F10 cells increases, tumors that develop grow slower, and overall animal survival is higher. Immunization also prevents tumor development in some mice, making them resistant to second tumor challenges. Vaccination of mice with the human modified VEGF recombinant antigen produces antibodies against the human antigen and the homologous mouse VEGF molecule. We also show that sera from immunized mice block human VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation (Morera et al., 2008).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Eighty percent of B cell competent μMT+/− mice immunized with pVAX/E2A and GM-CSF plasmids were protected from HER-2 expressing tumor challenge. All mice challenged with the HER-2 negative untransfected control line developed tumors. Of note, protection was equal or better in B cell deficient animals, as 90% of the μMT−/− mice that were immunized with pVAX/E2A and GM-CSF plasmids rejected the tumor. All mice immunized with pVAX/E2A without the GM-CSF plasmid developed tumors. Thus, this HER-2 specific resistance to tumor challenge is entirely dependent on co-administration of the GM-CSF plasmid. None of the μMT−/− mice immunized with pVAX/E2A or the combination of GM-CSF and pVAX/E2A were protected from challenge with the HER-2 negative D2F2 control line (Lindencrona et al., 2004).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: High level of specific cytotoxic activity against the p42.3 protein in vivo and had activated CD8 T cells that secreted IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B in response to stimulation with the antigen in vitro (Liu et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: DNA vaccine ESAT-6-gpi priming and the tumour vaccine B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi/IL-21 boosting induced strong antimelanoma immunity that inhibited melanomatous growth; ESAT-6 was successfully anchored on the B16F10 cell membrane via GPI, IL-21 expression was in the B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi/IL-21 cells, but no IL-21 expression was in the B16F10/mock cells nor in the B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi cells, serum IFN-c level in the mice immunized with the DNA vaccine ESAT-6-gpi was significantly increased in contrast to that in the mice immunized with the pIRES mock plasmid (He et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: TIM-4 blockade resulted in a marked increase in CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumors, while the TIM-3 blockade had no significant effect on CD8+ T cells. NK1.1+ CD3− cells was much higher in mice treated with anti-TIM-3 mAb and FVAX compared to those treated with FVAX alone, whereas the treatment with anti-TIM-4 mAb and FVAX did not significantly alter the frequency of NK cells. Importantly, a combined blockade of TIM-3 and TIM-4 resulted in increased frequencies of both NK cells and CD8+ T cells in tumors(Baghdadi et al., 2013)

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: Primed T cells became dysfunctional and underwent antigen-driven, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)- and Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis, resulting in hyporesponsiveness to subsequent vaccination. Provision of CD40-specific antibody, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and interleukin-2 (IL-2) reduced T cell apoptosis but did not prevent vaccination-site sequestration. A nonpersisting vaccine formulation shifted T cell localization toward tumors, inducing superior antitumor activity while reducing systemic T cell dysfunction and promoting memory formation (Hailemichael et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: The depletion of CD4+ T cells abrogated the antitumor effect, while CD8+ T cells depletion showed no influence on the efficacy of the HCA587 protein vaccine. The tumor-free mice showed high percentage of IFN-γ-producing splenocytes compared with the tumor-bearing mice, and the mice with smaller tumors tended to have more such cells than the mice with larger tumor volume.(Chen et al., 2012)

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: Although histological analysis demonstrated diffuse infiltration of CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells, no reduction of regulatory T cells was observed, suggesting that hMART-IT cannot prevent immunotolerance in the tumor microenvironment (Tanaka et al., 2011).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: loading of iDCs with HSP65-HER2 induced the expression of CD86 in vitro, HSP65-HER2 immunization significantly reduced the percentages of HER2(+) B16 cells in xenografted tumors(Finocchiaro and Glikin, 2012)

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: Increased survival was correlated with the enhancement of B16-specific cytotoxicity and up-regulation of gamma-interferon production (Abkin et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: activated NKT and NK cells contribute to IFN-γ production required for vaccine efficacy, but NKT cells are necessary and sufficient for this process. This data suggest that Foxp3+ Treg depletion together with vaccination permits greater induction of innate (NK cell) and adaptive (CD8+ T cell) activities leading to greater antitumor immunity. vaccination in combination with Treg depletion results in an increase of activated CD8+ T cells in the periphery, which is associated with an increase in CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumor. (Mattarollo et al., 2013)

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: Vaccine formulations with synthetic long peptides failed to elicit strong CD8 T cell responses to self-differentiation Ags gp100 and TRP-2, whereas altered peptide sequences recruited gp100-specific CD8 T cells from the endogenous repertoire with frequencies of 40%(Ly et al., 2013)

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: The number of lung metastatic nodules three weeks after inoculation of F10-MUC1-C8 cells was significantly lower in mice immunized with pCEP4-MUC1 DNA vaccine 3 times at weekly intervals than in mice immunized with the vector DNA alone or with a single immunization of the DNA vaccine (Kamata et al., 2002).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Vaccination with the DNA construct VαVβCβ-FrC induced strong protection against challenge with C6VL, compared with nonvaccinated control mice and mice vaccinated with FrC alone (P < 0.001). Vaccinations with VαVβ-FrC, VβCβ-FrC, or VαVβCβ alone were also completely ineffective. The protective response generated was specific for C6VL, with no protection induced against TCL-1, an unrelated T-cell tumor. The pattern of protection has been confirmed in two subsequent experiments, with survival rates of mice vaccinated with VαVβCβ-FrC ranging from 50 to 80%, whereas the other constructs were ineffective at prolonging survival (Thirdborough et al., 2002).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000287
• Efficacy: Once applied for treating syngeneic murine melanoma tumors, our oncolytic prime-boost vaccination protocol involving Maraba MG1 dramatically extended median survival and allowed complete remission in more than 20% of the animals treated (Pol et al., 2014).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: T cells do not play a critical role during the effector phase of tumor rejection in MCMV-TRP2 vaccinated mice, MCMV-TRP2 induced long-term immune responses and long-term protection against tumor (Xu et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: The specific antitumour immune response was observed when the mCRT-vGPCR-coated B16-F1 cells were used as a whole-cell tumour vaccine to immune mice, which included significantly enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities and increased the number of IFN-γ-producing T cells(Wu et al., 2013)

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Mice immunized with hgp75 were significantly protected from lung metastases compared with control mice (mice immunized with a null vector). There was an 86% decrease in lung nodules (Weber et al., 1998).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Immunization of mice with xenogeneic hTRP2 DNA results in tumor immunity against intravenous tumor challenge with a syngeneic mouse B16F10LM3 melanoma known to express TRP2. All mice (100%) immunized with hTRP2 were protected from challenge with B16F10LM3 melanoma while all control PCR3 vector immunized mice (100%) developed tumors (P < 0.0001). However, growth of established tumors was not inhibited (Hawkins et al., 2002).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Particle-mediated delivery of the gp100 plasmid resulted in substantial protection against B16-gp100 tumors, with 40% of the mice remaining tumor free for at least 2 months. Importantly, co-delivery of mGM-CSF DNA with hugp100 DNA resulted in complete tumor protection in all five vaccinated mice (Rakhmilevich et al., 2001).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: B16-F10 cells injected subcutaneously formed large solid tumors in nonimmunized mice (saline) or in mice injected with a non-GRP-containing plasmid (pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-M2). The tumor sizes decreased progressively in mice immunized with the anti-GRP vaccine (pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-GRP6-M2). B16-F10 tumor cells were implanted intradermally at two sites in the abdominal region. It took approximately 7 days for the cells to form ∼4-mm intradermal tumors in the two control groups; however, the growth of intradermal tumors in pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-GRP6-M2-immunized group was slightly delayed and required almost 11 days to form ∼4-mm tumors. The total number of blood vessels around each implant site from pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-GRP6-M2-immunized mice was significantly lower than that from the saline group (22 ± 4 versus 72 ± 14; P < 0.01) or from non-GRP-containing plasmid-immunized mice (22 ± 4 versus 63 ± 19; P < 0.01). To further test the efficacy of the anti-GRP vaccine, the extent of lung metastasis by intravenously administered tumor cells in the tail vein of immunized mice was evaluated. Metastatic tumor nodules were often detected in the lungs 21 days after injection of tumor cells. The average weight of lungs of mice immunized with pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-GRP6-M2 was significantly lower than that of the saline group (0.215 ± 0.020 g versus 0.301 ± 0.068 g; P < 0.05) or the pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-M2 control group (0.215 ± 0.020 g versus 0.289 ± 0.087 g; P < 0.05), which indicates that fewer metastases were formed in the lungs of the anti-GRP DNA vaccine-immunized group. In addition, the average number of metastatic nodules in mice immunized with pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-GRP6-M2 was significantly less than that in mice that received saline (37.2 ± 9.4 versus 88.0 ± 22.6; P < 0.001) or in mice in the pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-M2 control group (37.2 ± 9.4 versus 79.3.0 ± 16.8; P < 0.001) (Fang et al., 2009).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: C57BL/6 mice were immunized on days 0, 7, and 17 with the different MAGE-1 plasmids. After 6 days, the mice were challenged with B16 melanoma cells that express the human MAGE-1 antigen. Mice immunized with plasmids co-expressing MAGE-1 and GM-CSF had significantly fewer tumor colonies on their lungs than mice from any of the other immunization groups. In fact, 60% of the mice immunized with DNA vaccines that co-express MAGE-1 and GM-CSF had fewer than five tumor colonies on their lungs, whereas this was true of a little less than 20% of the mice immunized with MAGE-1 alone vaccines or co-inoculation with MAGE-1 vaccines and GM-CSF expressing plasmid (Sun et al., 2002).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: C57BL/6 mice were immunized on days 0, 7, and 17 with the different MAGE-1 plasmids. After 6 days, the mice were challenged with B16 melanoma cells that express the human MAGE-1 antigen. Mice immunized with plasmids co-expressing MAGE-1 and GM-CSF had significantly fewer tumor colonies on their lungs than mice from any of the other immunization groups. In fact, 60% of the mice immunized with DNA vaccines that co-express MAGE-1 and GM-CSF had fewer than five tumor colonies on their lungs, whereas this was true of a little less than 20% of the mice immunized with MAGE-1 alone vaccines or co-inoculation with MAGE-1 vaccines and GM-CSF expressing plasmid (Sun et al., 2002).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: A week after the last immunization, mice were challenged subcutaneously with 2 105 B16F1 cells. Control mice and mice immunized with pTRP-2 showed rapid tumor growth, whereas 85% of mice immunized with pUB-TRP-2 were free of tumors and the remaining 15% of the mice exhibited almost complete suppression of tumor growth. Strictly, all mice immunized with pUB-TRP-2 survived over 80 days after implantation of tumor cells, although all mice of the other two groups died within 60 days. Furthermore, immunization with pUB-TRP-2 was also effective in suppressing the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells, a more virulent type of melanoma (Zhang et al., 2005).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Mice vaccinated with SINCp c-muMUC18 had significantly (P=0.037) fewer lung colonies than mice vaccinated with SINCp -gal. The number of lung metastases was reduced in mice vaccinated with SINCp c-muMUC18 (range 0–100; median 1.0) compared with SINCp -gal (range 18–200; median 26). Thus, mice immunized with SINCp c-muMUC18 were significantly protected from lung metastasis formation (Leslie et al., 2007).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Tumors were significantly inhibited in mice boosted with AD-S8 compared with those in mice given VR-S8/VR- IL2 (P < 0.01). Moreover, complete tumor rejection occurred in 5 of 15 mice, while no tumor rejection was observed in the control group. A Kaplan–Meier plot showed that 53.3% of the mice in the AD-S8- boosted group were alive at 50 days with survival prolonged by 35.6%, whereas only 6.7% of the mice in the VR-S8/VR-IL2 and VR-S8 groups were alive with survival prolonged by 17 and 10.5%, respectively (Zhang et al., 2012).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: More than half of the animals that had received VR1012/mPmel17 pDNA were protected completely (eight of 15 = 53.3%) against the highly tumorigenic dose of 1X10^5 M3-7 cells. None of these protected animals developed a tumor at a later time point during an entire observation period of 4 months. By contrast, control animals that had been injected with vector VR1012 pDNA alone consistently failed to reject Pmel17high M3-7 melanoma cells (Wagner et al., 2000).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Challenge of vaccinated β2m knockout mice with B16 melanoma revealed robust protection against melanoma growth (Overwijk et al., 1999).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: T-cell tumor infiltrates showed an increase of CD4+granzyme+ T-cells and a decreased number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg elements from mice treated with either gp10025-33 peptide-pulsed DC vaccination or anti-IL-10 mAb administration (Kalli et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: gp100 was only expressed by GLM-2 while the cancer testis antigen, NY-ESO-1, was only expressed by 3MM, all of the primary cells expressed tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, The cell surface antigens, CD71 and CD146, were expressed by all of the primary cells except for
  GLM-2, which did not express CD71, melanotransferrin
  (p97), was only expressed by MEL-2 (Suriano et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Immunized animals were challenged by s.c. implantation of a neuroblastoma cell line that constitutively expresses HuD. When compared with controls, mice immunized with the secreted HuD showed significant tumor growth inhibition (51% reduction volume; P = 0.0012), and 14% of them had complete tumor rejection (Carpentier et al., 1998).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: ST-expressing tumor-bearing mice, this vaccine, pcDNA3-MCC/ST, generated a significant number of ST antigenic peptide-specific CD8+ T cells and experienced markedly enhanced survival compared to mice vaccinated with empty vector (Gomez et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Transgenic mice expressing the PVR (26) were infected i.p. with 100 μl of 5 × 10^5 pfu of the recombinant viruses in PBS solution. The mice also received 2–3 booster shots of 1 × 10^6 of the same virus (Mandl et al., 1998).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged by s.c. injection of 1 × 10^5 Ova expressing or parental B16F0 melanoma cells in 100 μl of PBS (Mandl et al., 1998).
• Efficacy: Inoculation of mice with recombinant poliovirus that expresses ovalbumin elicits an effective specific CTL response. Vaccination with the recombinant poliovirus expressing H2-Kb-restricted CTL epitope SIINFEKL of ovalbumin induced protective immunity against challenge with lethal doses of a malignant melanoma cell line expressing ovalbumin (Mandl et al., 1998).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Immune Response: DC-based vaccine induced a long-lasting CTL response in wild-type mice, and homologous boosting better sustained the pool of central memory T cells, a tight boosting schedule hindered persistence of IFN-γ-competent memory CD8(+) T cells and mice survival in prophylactic settings (Ricupito et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Eight-week-old TRAMP mice displaying prostate intraepithelial neoplasia were vaccinated with a heterologous prime/boost strategy consisting of gene gun-delivered PSCA-cDNA followed by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons encoding PSCA. PSCA-vaccinated TRAMP mice had a 90% survival rate at 12 months of age. In contrast, all control mice had succumbed to prostate cancer or had heavy tumor loads (Garcia-Hernandez et al., 2008).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Survival was significantly prolonged in mice vaccinated with mSTEAP using DNA, VRP (Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-like replicon particles), or a combined strategy after tumor challenge compared with control mice. Although all STEAP-based vaccination strategies significantly slowed tumor growth in tumor-challenged mice, DNA vaccination followed by boosting with VRP was the most effective way of inducing protective immunity (Garcia-Hernandez et al., 2007).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: These experiments demonstrated 37% relative risk reduction of tumor development in the pmPSCA group, but importantly vaccinated tumor bearing mice also had significantly less tumor burden than the control groups. Tumor growth kinetics indicated slower tumor growth in the pmPSCA treated group (versus empty vector P = 0.04, versus untreated P = 0.01). These results demonstrated that the pmPSCA could provide either complete protection or result in containment of the disease (Ahmad et al., 2009).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: The growth of RM-PSCA tumors was significantly slower in the groups vaccinated with PSCA-HSP, HSP-PSCA, and PSCA + HSP plasmids compared with that in the groups treated with PBS or pcDNA-HSP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the survival time of mice vaccinated with PSCA-HSP (range 40–69 days) was significantly longer as compared with that of groups injected with HSP-PSCA and PSCA + HSP plasmids (P = 0.016 and P = 0.015, respectively) (Zhang et al., 2007).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: Vaccination with psig-3P-Fc by gene gun inoculation induced strong antitumor response in a mouse tumor model, which significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time of the tumor-bearing mice (Qin et al., 2005).

Mouse Response

• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
• Efficacy: The pVax-PSA vaccine alone protected 40% of the mice from tumor growth. When either of the cytokine adjuvants (IL-2 or GM-CSF) was co-administered 60% of the mice were protected and when both adjuvants were simultaneously co-administered 80% of the mice were protected. All groups of mice that received the vaccine pVax-PSA (with or without cytokine adjuvants) were significantly different from the control group pVax (P < 0.01) (Roos et al., 2005).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: BALB/c mice were immunized s.c. with BV GA733-2F (full-length) proteins (25 μg) in theramide adjuvant (25 μg), 3× at 3-week intervals (Basak et al., 2000).
• Challenge Protocol: Seventeen days after the last immunization mice were challenged with 2.5 × 10^7 CT26-GA733 tumor cells (Basak et al., 2000).
• Efficacy: 1 out of 7 mice was tumor free after immunization and challenge with tumor cells (Basak et al., 2000).

Mouse Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Heterozygous hCD155- and AAD(HLA-A2)-tg C57Bl6 mice were obtained by cross breeding hCD155-tg mice with AAD-tg mice. Murine CT2AAAD_H3.3K27M malignant gliomas were implanted intracerebrally in hCD155/AAD-tg mice (Mosaheb et al., 2020). AAD_hCD155 transgenic mice were immunized by i.m. inoculation (day 1), implanted with CT2A_AADH3.3K27M cells for orthotopic tumor initiation (day 7), boosted with the same regimen (day 14), and followed for assessment of weight and neurological status. Mice were euthanized after losing 15% of their max. weight.
• Immune Response: mRIPO(H3.3)-immunized mice survived significantly longer than their mRIPOδ6-immunized littermates. CD8 depletion abrogates the anti-tumor effect of mRIPO(H3.3) immunization (Mosaheb et al., 2020). I.m. immunization with mRIPO(H3.3) significantly extended the survival of CT2A_AADH3.3K27M tumor-bearing mice when compared to mRIPOδ6 immunized mice. In a repeat experiment, mRIPOδ6/mRIPO(H3.3)-immunized animals received intraperitoneal inoculations of anti-CD8 antibodies for CD8 T cell depletion (initiated 7 days prior to tumor implantation). This abolished the therapeutic effect of mRIPO(H3.3) immunization. Thus, PVSRIPO vector-induced H3.3K27M-specific CD8 T cell responses successfully target intracerebral H3.3K27M+ malignant gliomas in vivo (Mosaheb et al., 2020).

Mouse Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Prophylactic vaccination of the mice with a single dose of MCMV-TRP2 (Xu et al., 2013).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) challenged with 2 × 10^5 B16/F10 cells in 100 μl PBS in the shaved right flank (Xu et al., 2013).
• Efficacy: Therapeutic vaccination with MCMV-TRP2 prolonged the survival of the mice challenged with B16 cells. Furthermore, vaccination with MCMV-TRP2 five months before tumor challenge still induced tumor rejection, which indicated that the vaccine induced long-term protection (Xu et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Vaccination Protocol: When tumors reached a volume of about 100 mm^3, mice were randomized into four treatment groups: control, control+5-FC, MeV, and MeV+5-FC. Mice received intratumoral injections of MeV (either 1×10^6 pfu/dose of MeV P-SCD for TFK-1 or 2×10^6 pfu/dose of MeV ld-SCD for HuCCT1 in 100 μl Opti-MEM) or Opti-MEM alone once daily on days 0–4. Mice randomized to the 5-FC groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of 5-FC (500 mg/kg body weight/dose in PBS) on days 5–11 (Lange et al., 2013).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: FK-1 cells (1×10^7 cells each in 100 μl PBS) were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of 4–6-week-old female CanN.Cg-Foxn1nu/Crl mice . In a second experiment, HuCCT1 cells were implanted subcutaneously in Hsd:Atymic Nude-Foxn1nu mice (Lange et al., 2013).
• Efficacy: In vivo, intratumoral application of SCD-armed MeV together with a systemic 5-FC treatment showed a significant reduction in tumor size in a TFK-1 xenograft mouse model when compared with virus-only treatment. In a second animal experiment employing a HuCCT1 xenograft tumor model, an enhanced SCD-armed MeV vector, in which the SCD transgene was expressed from a different genomic position, led not only to reduced tumor volumes, but also to a significant survival benefit (Lange et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57 BL/6
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were vaccinated with VmE6E7 (Zhi et al., 2002).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged by syngeneic HPV16E6 and E7 transformed tumor cells (Zhi et al., 2002).
• Efficacy: The mice vaccinated expressed retarded or prevented tumor development (Zhi et al., 2002).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: MUC1-Tg mice (4–6 wk old) on a C57BL/6 background
• Vaccination Protocol: Three different immunization protocols were tested in vivo. Mice were immunized with: 1) synthetic MUC1 peptide (100 µg/mouse) coadministered with soluble murine GM-CSF (2 µg/mouse; a generous gift from Immunex, Seattle, WA) injected s.c.; 2) synthetic MUC1 peptide (100 µg/mouse) coadministered with SB-AS2 (50 µl/mouse; a generous gift of SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) injected i.m.; or 3) murine DC prepulsed with 20 µg/ml of synthetic MUC1 peptide in AIM-V medium (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) overnight (2–5 x 104 DC/mouse injected s.c.) (Soares et al., 2001).
• Challenge Protocol: Ten days after the last boost, the mice were anesthetized with Metofane (Schering-Plough Animal Health, Omaha, NE) and 5 x 10^4 RMA-MUC1 cells injected s.c. in the shaved right hind flank. Tumor growth was monitored every 2–3 days and tumor size determined with calipers (Soares et al., 2001).
• Efficacy: WT and MUC1-Tg mice that had been immunized with MUC1 peptide admixed with either GM-CSF or SB-AS2 also had to be sacrificed because they failed to reject the tumors (Soares et al., 2001).