- Product Name: Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live
- Tradename: ProQuad
- Manufacturer: Merck & Co, Inc.
- Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000091
- CDC CVX code: 94
- Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
- Status: Licensed
- Location Licensed: USA (License #0002)
- Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
- Preparation: propagated in MRC-5 cells (FDA: ProQuad).
- Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
- Storage: maintained at a temperature of 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) or colder.
- Approved Age for Licensed Use: 12 months to 12 years old
- Contraindication: Vaccine should not be administered to anyone with a known history of anaphylactic reactions to neomycin, or to anyone with a history of hypersensitivity to gelatin or any other component of the vaccine (FDA: ProQuad).
- Description: ProQuad is a sterile lyophilized preparation of (1) the components of M-M-R*II (Measles, Mumps and Rubella Virus Vaccine Live): Measles Virus Vaccine Live, a more attenuated line of measles virus, derived from Enders' attenuated Edmonston strain and propagated in chick embryo cell culture; Mumps Virus Vaccine Live, the Jeryl Lynn™ (B level) strain of mumps virus propagated in chick embryo cell culture; Rubella Virus Vaccine Live, the Wistar RA 27/3 strain of live attenuated rubella virus propagated in WI-38 human diploid lung fibroblasts; and (2) Varicella Virus Vaccine Live (Oka/Merck) refrigerator-stable formulation, the Oka/Merck strain of varicella-zoster virus propagated in MRC-5 cells (FDA: ProQuad).
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- Product Name: Varicella Virus Vaccine Live
- Tradename: Varivax
- Manufacturer: Merck & Co., Inc.
- Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000119
- CDC CVX code: 21
- Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
- Status: Licensed
- Location Licensed: USA (License #0002)
- Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
- Antigen: OkaIMerck strain of live, attenuated varicella vlrus.
- Preparation: The OkaIMerck strain of live, attenuated varicella vlrus was initially obtained from a child with wild-type varicella, then introduced into human embryonic lung cell'cultures, adapted to and propagated in embryonic guinea pig cell cultures and finally propagated in human diploid cell cultures (WI-38). This live, attenuated varicella vaccine is a lyophllized preparation containing sucrose, phosphate, glutamate, processed gelatin, and urea as stabilizers. The product contains no preservative (FDA: Varivax).
- Immunization Route: Intradermal injection (i.d.)
- Storage: DO NOT FREEZE, store at 2 to 8°C or colder (36 to 46°F or colder).
- Approved Age for Licensed Use: 1 year and older
- Contraindication: A history of hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine, including gelatin (FDA: Varivax).
- Description: Indication: For active immunization of persons 12 months of age and older.
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- Product Name: Zoster Vaccine, Live, (Oka/Merck)
- Tradename: Zostavax
- Manufacturer: Merck & Co., Inc.
- Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000124
- CDC CVX code: 121
- Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
- Status: Licensed
- Location Licensed: USA (License #0002)
- Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
- Antigen: live, attenuated varicella-zoster virus (Oka/Merck)
- Preparation: ZOSTAVAX is a lyophilized preparation of live, attenuated varicella-zoster virus (Oka/Merck) to be reconstituted with sterile diluent to give a single dose suspension with a minimum of 19,400 PFU (plaque forming units) when stored at room temperature for up to 30 minutes (FDA: Zostavax).
- Storage: ZOSTAVAX SHOULD BE stored FROZEN at an average temperature of -15°C (+5°F) or colder.
- Approved Age for Licensed Use: 60 years and older
- Contraindication: Should not be administered to anyone with known anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction to gelatin, neomycin, or any other component of the vaccine. The vaccine should also not be administered to women of child-bearing age or to pregnant women (FDA: Zostavax).
- Description: Indication: Prevention of herpes zoster (shingles) in individuals 60 years of age and older when administered as a single-dose (FDA: Zostavax).
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Human Response
- Immune Response: According to clinical trials, there were high levels of antibodies in 97.5% of those vaccinated after a single dose of Proquad (FDA: ProQuad).
- Side Effects: Side effects of vaccination include: injection site reactions, fever, irritability and diarrhea.
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Human Response
- Immune Response: Clinical trials with several formulations of VARIVAX containing the attenuated virus ranging from 1000 to 50,000 PFU per dose, have demonstrated that VARIVAX induces detectable immune responses and is generally well tolerated in healthy individuals ranging from 12 months to 55 years of age. VARIVAX was also found to induce cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinees (FDA: Varivax).
- Side Effects: Side effects of vaccination were mostly injection site redness and pain.
- Efficacy: The majority of subjects who received the vaccine and were exposed to wild-type virus were either completely protected from chickenpox or developed a milder form of the disease. Clinical studies have demonstrated continued protection up to 10 years after vaccination. Also, a boost in antibody levels has been observed in vaccinees following exposure to wild-type varicella as well as following a second dose of the vaccine (FDA: Varivax).
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Human Response
- Side Effects: The most common side effects reported included headache and injection site reactions (FDA: Zostavax).
- Efficacy: According to clinical studies, ZOSTAVAX significantly reduced the risk of developing zoster when compared with placebo. Vaccine efficacy for the prevention of herpes-zoster (HZ) was highest for those subjects 60-69
years of age and declined with increasing age (FDA: Zostavax).
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