• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004747
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• Preparation: ALVAC vaccine expressing the haemagglutinin of a highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) (A/chicken/Indonesia/7/03) in pig(Kyriakis et al., 2009).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0002981
• Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse, pig, horse, macaque
• NS1 from Influenza virus gene engineering:
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Description: This NS1 mutant is from influenza virus (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Immunization Route: intranasal immunization

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004698
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• HA gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: Pseudorabies virus (PrV) strain Bartha (PrV-Ba) served as a vector for the expression of haemagglutinin (HA) of swine-origin H1N1 virus (Klingbeil et al., 2014).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: The pseudorabies virus (PrV) strain Bartha (PrV-Ba) was used as vector for the expression of haemagglutinin (HA) of swine-origin H1N1 virus (Klingbeil et al., 2014).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004636
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• Preparation: Recombinant swinepox virus (rSPV-HA1) expressing hemagglutinin (HA1) of H1N1 SIV (Xu et al., 2012).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Tradename: Trovac AI H5
• Manufacturer: Merial
• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000839
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Licensed
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Pig
• HA gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: Different vaccines expressing the haemagglutinin of a highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) (A/chicken/Indonesia/7/03) (Kyriakis et al., 2009).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• Description: Fowlpox virus-vectored H5 (Bublot et al., 2006)

Mouse Response

• Persistence: An NS1 mutant is attenuated in mice (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).
• Efficacy: An NS1 mutant induces significant protection in mice from challenge with wild type influenza virus (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).

Pig Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Pigs were vaccinated twice, with a 4-week interval, with a canarypox (ALVAC) vector vaccine combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, with the unadjuvanted NYVAC, or left unvaccinated (Kyriakis et al., 2009).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: Six weeks after the second vaccination, all pigs were challenged intra-tracheally with low pathogenic (LP) H5N2 AIV A/chicken/Belgium/150/99 (Kyriakis et al., 2009).
• Efficacy: The NYVAC and ALVAC adjuvanted vaccines consistently induced higher antibody titres than TROVAC or NYVAC without adjuvant. Following challenge, the H5N2 challenge virus was isolated from all unvaccinated pigs, while 19 out of 21 vaccinates showed complete virological protection (Kyriakis et al., 2009).

Pig Response

• Persistence: An NS1 mutant is attenuated in pigs (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).
• Efficacy: An NS1 mutant induces significant protection in pigs from challenge with wild type influenza virus (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).

Pig Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Piglets were infected intranasally with PrV-BaMI-synH1 as a live-virus vaccine, whereas control animals were immunized with PrV-Ba or not vaccinated (Klingbeil et al., 2014).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: A challenge with pandemic H1N1 SoIV A/California/7/09 performed 3 weeks after immunization (Klingbeil et al., 2014).
• Efficacy: A single immunization of pigs with the PrV vector expressing the codon-optimized HA gene under control of P-MCMV induced high levels of HA-specific antibodies (Klingbeil et al., 2014).

Pig Response

• Vaccination Protocol: At 5 weeks of age, groups 1 and 2 were individually inoculated intramuscularly in the neck area with rSPV-HA1 or wtSPV at 1 × 10^7.0 TCID50 in 1 ml EMEM per pig. Group 3 was inoculated with 1 ml EMEM (Xu et al., 2012).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: All pigs were challenged with 2 × 10^5.0 TCID50 H1N1 SIV per pig by nasal inoculation (Xu et al., 2012).
• Efficacy: Complete protection of pigs against H1N1 SIV challenge was observed. No pigs showed evident systemic and local reactions to the vaccine and no SIV shedding was detected from pigs vaccinated with rSPV-HA1 after challenge (Xu et al., 2012).

Pig Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Pigs were vaccinated twice, with a 4-week interval, with a fowlpox (TROVAC), a canarypox (ALVAC), or a vaccinia (NYVAC) vector vaccine combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, with the unadjuvanted NYVAC, or left unvaccinated (Kyriakis et al., 2009).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: Six weeks after the second vaccination, all pigs were challenged intra-tracheally with low pathogenic (LP) H5N2 AIV A/chicken/Belgium/150/99 (Kyriakis et al., 2009).
• Efficacy: The NYVAC and ALVAC adjuvanted vaccines consistently induced higher antibody titres than TROVAC or NYVAC without adjuvant. Following challenge, the H5N2 challenge virus was isolated from all unvaccinated pigs, while 19 out of 21 vaccinates showed complete virological protection. Pox-vector vaccines were safe, immunogenic and efficacious against challenge with a heterologous H5 AIV, offering an alternative to classical inactivated vaccines (Kyriakis et al., 2009).

Horse Response

• Persistence: An NS1 mutant is attenuated in horses (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).
• Efficacy: An NS1 mutant induces significant protection in horses from challenge with wild type influenza virus (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).

Macaque Response

• Persistence: An NS1 mutant is attenuated in macaques (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).
• Efficacy: An NS1 mutant induces significant protection in macaques from challenge with wild type influenza virus (Richt and García-Sastre, 2009).