VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. spaA (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

1648

2. Disease:

Erysipelas

3. Introduction

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a facultative, non-spore-forming, non-acid-fast, small, Gram-positive bacillus. The organism was first established as a human pathogen late in the nineteenth century. Three forms of human disease have been recognised since then. These include a localised cutaneous lesion form, erysipeloid, a generalised cutaneous form and a septicaemic form often associated with endocarditis. The organism is ubiquitous and able to persist for a long period of time in the environment, including marine locations. It is a pathogen or a commensal in a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, birds and fish. Swine erysipelas caused by E. rhusiopathiae is the disease of greatest prevalence and economic importance. Diseases in other animals include erysipelas of farmed turkeys, chickens, ducks and emus, and polyarthritis in sheep and lambs (Wang et al., 2010). Infection in man is occupationally related, occurring principally as a result of contact with animals, their products or wastes. While it has been suggested that the incidence of human infection could be declining because of technological advances in animal industries, infection still occurs in specific environments. Furthermore, infection by the organism may be under-diagnosed because of the resemblance it bears to other infections and the problems that may be encountered in isolation and identification. Diagnosis of erysipeloid can be difficult if not recognised clinically, as culture is lengthy and the organism resides deep in the skin (Brooke and Riley, 1999).

4. Host Ranges and Animal Models

The domestic pig is the most important reservoir of E. rhusiopathiae. E. rhusiopathiae and infections caused by this organism are worldwide in distribution, and affect a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species, including swine, sheep, cattle, horses, dogs, bears, kangaroos, reindeer, mice, rodents, seals, sea lions, cetaceans, mink, chipmunks, crustaceans, fresh and salt water fish, crocodiles, caymen, stable flies, houseflies, ticks, mites, mouse lice, turkeys, chickens, ducks, geese, guinea fowl, pigeons, sparrows, starlings, eagles, parrots, pheasants, peacocks, quail, parakeets, mud hens, canaries, finches, siskins, thrushes, blackbirds, turtledoves and white storks. Human disease can originate from an animal or environmental source (Wang et al., 2010).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. spaA

Gene Name : spaA
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
NCBI Protein GI : 5881768
Taxonomy ID : 1648
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein pI : 4.96
Protein Weight : 40057.21
Protein Length : 426

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>BAA84455.1 spaA, partial [Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]
INEPKGYQSFEAVNEEINSIVSELKHEGMSLQNIHHMFKQSIQNLATRIGYRSFMQDAMYLENFERLTIP
ELDEAYVDLLVNYEVKHRILVKYEDKVKGRAPLEAFIVPLRNRIRSMNEIAAEVNYLPEAHEDFLVSDSS
EYNDKLNNINFALGLGVSEFIDYNRLENMMEKEIHPLYLELYAMRRNRQIQVVRDVYPNLERANAVVESL
KTIKDIKQREKKLQELLEIYIQRSGDVRKPDVLQRFIGKYQSVVDEEKNKLQDYLESDIFDSYSVDGEKI
RNKEITLINRDAYLSMIYRAQSISEIKTIRADLESLVKSFQNEESDSKVEPESPVKVEKPVDKEKPKDQK
KPVDQSKPESNS

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): E. rhusiopathiae DNA vaccine pcD-ACSC

III. Vaccine Information

1. E. rhusiopathiae DNA vaccine pcD-ACSC

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004539

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Mouse

e. Gene Engineering of spaA

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description: This vaccine encoded a fusion of the spaA protein and various elements, such as a secretion leader sequence from the highly expressed human gene encoding alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), a highly soluble and stably folded domain from the rat cartilage oligomerization matrix protein (COMP), and three copies of the complement component, C3d3 (Chen et al., 2009).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pcDNA3 (Chen et al., 2009)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Mouse Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Immune Response: Immunization with the DNA vaccine expressing pcDNA3-AAT-COMP-spaAN-3C3d (pcD-ACSC) had higher antibody titers than pcDNA3-spaA(N) (pcD-S) at week 4 (Chen et al., 2009).
Efficacy: The protective efficacy of the spaA-chimeras was demonstrated by lethal challenge with a virulent homologous strain 1249 against immunized mice (Chen et al., 2009).

2. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 1541.00)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., Arko Laboratories Ltd.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001789

c. Type:

Live vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

3. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 1541.01)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth, Arko Laboratories Ltd.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001790

c. Type:

Live vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

4. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 1541.02)

a. Manufacturer:

Arko Laboratories Ltd.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001791

c. Type:

Live vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

5. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 1541.03)

a. Manufacturer:

Arko Laboratories Ltd.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001792

c. Type:

Live vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

6. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 1541.04)

a. Manufacturer:

Arko Laboratories Ltd.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001793

c. Type:

Live vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

7. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4906.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002290

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

8. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth, Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002321

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

9. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002322

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

10. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.22)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002323

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

11. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.01)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002277

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

12. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002278

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

13. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002279

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

14. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.22)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002280

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

15. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.22)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002309

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

16. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002310

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

17. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.24)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002311

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

18. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.22)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002312

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

19. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002313

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

20. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.24)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002314

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

21. Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Haemophilus Parasuis Bacterin (USDA: 49V9.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004215

c. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

22. Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome-Parvovirus Reproductive Form, Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4P19.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002324

c. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

23. Porcine Rotavirus-Transmissible Gastroenteritis Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Bordetella Bronchiseptica-Clostridium Perfringens Type C-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Escherichia Coli-Pasteurella Multocida Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 49T9.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002319

c. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

24. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4993.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002297

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

25. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4993.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002298

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

26. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002299

c. Status:

Licensed

d. Location Licensed:

USA

e. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

27. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002300

c. Status:

Licensed

d. Location Licensed:

USA

e. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

28. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002301

c. Status:

Licensed

d. Location Licensed:

USA

e. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

29. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.24)

a. Manufacturer:

Pfizer, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002302

c. Status:

Licensed

d. Location Licensed:

USA

e. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

IV. References

1. Brooke and Riley, 1999: Brooke CJ, Riley TV. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of an occupational pathogen. Journal of medical microbiology. 1999; 48(9); 789-799. [PubMed: 10482289].

2. Chen et al., 2009: Chen KX, Li YJ, Zhang FC, Cao WY, Li JW. [Enhancement of antibodies to protective domain of surface protective antigen A of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae by DNA immunization with plasmids expressing spaA-chimeras]. Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology. 2009; 25(11); 984-986. [PubMed: 19900362].

3. Wang et al., 2010: Wang Q, Chang BJ, Riley TV. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Veterinary microbiology. 2010; 140(3-4); 405-417. [PubMed: 19733019].