VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. C protein (Protective antigen)
2. E1 protein (Protective antigen)
3. E2 protein (Protective antigen)
4. E3 protein (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

11021

2. Disease:

Encephalitis

3. Introduction

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE), commonly called sleeping sickness (not to be confused with Trypanosomiasis) or Triple E, is a zoonotic alphavirus and arbovirus present in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean. EEE was first recognized in Massachusetts, USA in 1831 when 75 horses died of encephalitic illness. Epizootics in horses have continued to occur regularly in the United States. EEE is found today in the eastern part of the country and is often associated with coastal plains (Wiki: Eastern Equine Encephalitis).

4. Host Ranges and Animal Models

EEE is capable of infecting a wide range of animals including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The virus is maintained in nature through a bird - mosquito cycle. There are two mosquito species primarily involved in this portion of the cycle, they are Culiseta melanura and Cs. morsitans. These mosquitoes feed on the blood of birds. The amount of virus found in nature increases throughout the summer as more birds and more mosquitoes become infected. Transmission of EEEV to mammals occurs via other mosquitoes. These other mosquitoes are called bridge vectors because they bring the virus from avian populations to mammalian populations. They include Coquiletidia perturbans, Aedes vexans, Ochlerotatus sollicitans and Oc. canadensis. All these mosquitoes are primarily mammalian feeders (Wiki: Eastern Equine Encephalitis).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. C protein

Gene Name : C protein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
NCBI Protein GI : NP_740644
Other Database IDs : CDD:279312
Taxonomy ID : 11021
Protein Name : C protein
Protein pI : 10.89
Protein Weight : 27918.15
Protein Length : 324
Protein Note : Alphavirus core protein; pfam00944

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_740644.1 C protein [Eastern equine encephalitis virus]
MFPYPTLNYPPMAPINPMAYRDPNPPRRRWRPFRPPLAAQIEDLRRSIANLTLKQRAPNPPAGPPAKRKK
PAPSLSLRRKKKRPPPPAKKQKRKPKPGKRQRMCMKLESDKTFPIMLNGQVNGYACVVGGRVFKPLHVEG
RIDNEQLAAIKLKKASIYDLEYGDVPQCMKSDTLQYTSDKPPGFYNWHHGAVQYENNRFTVPRGVGGKGD
SGRPILDNKGRVVAIVLGGVNEGSRTALSVVTWNQKGVTVKDTPEGSEPW

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Ma et al., 2014)

2. E1 protein

Gene Name : E1 protein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
NCBI Protein GI : NP_740648
Other Database IDs : CDD:279870
Taxonomy ID : 11021
Protein Name : E1 protein
Protein pI : 6.77
Protein Weight : 44561.35
Protein Length : 509
Protein Note : Alphavirus E1 glycoprotein; pfam01589

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_740648.1 E1 protein [Eastern equine encephalitis virus]
YEHTAVMPNKVGIPYKALVERPGYAPVHLQIQLVNTRIIPSTNLEYITCKYKTKVPSPVVKCCGATQCTS
KPHPDYQCQVFTGVYPFMWGGAYCFCDTENTQMSEAYVERSEECSIDHAKAYKVHTGTVQAMVNITYGSV
SWRSADVYVNGETPAKIGDAKLIIGPLSSAWSPFDNKVVVHGHEVYNYDFPEYGTGKAGSFGDLQSRTST
SNDLYANTNLKLQRPQAGIVHTPFTQAPSGFERWKRDKGAPLNDVAPFGCSIALEPLRAENCAVGSIPIS
IDIPDAAFTRISETPTVSDLECKITECTYASDFGGIATVAYKSSKAGNCPIHSPSGVAVIKENDVTLAES
GSFTFHFSTANIHPAFKLQVCTSAVTCKGDCKPPKDHIVDYPAQHTESFTSAISATAWSWLKVLVGGTSA
FIVLGLIATAVVALVLFFHRH

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Ma et al., 2014)

3. E2 protein

Gene Name : E2 protein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
NCBI Protein GI : AAL09089
Other Database IDs : CDD:279311
Taxonomy ID : 11021
Protein Name : E2 protein
Protein pI : 8.04
Protein Weight : 4443.92
Protein Length : 110
Protein Note : collected in 1992

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAL09089.1 E2 protein, partial [Eastern equine encephalitis virus]
AIIMVSCVTSVWLLCRTRNLCITPYRLAPNAQVPILLAVL

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Ma et al., 2014)

4. E3 protein

Gene Name : E3 protein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
NCBI Protein GI : NP_740645
Other Database IDs : CDD:279849
Taxonomy ID : 11021
Protein Name : E3 protein
Protein pI : 4.93
Protein Weight : 7382.68
Protein Length : 125
Protein Note : Alphavirus E3 glycoprotein; pfam01563

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_740645.1 E3 protein [Eastern equine encephalitis virus]
SLATVMCVLANITFPCDQPPCMPCCYEKNPHETLTMLEQNYDSRAYDQLLDAAVKCNARRTRR

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Ma et al., 2014)

III. Vaccine Information

1. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Vaccine SIN/NAEEEV

a. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Antigen

Genetic backbone and nonstructural protein genes from Sindbis virus (SINV), Structural protein genes from a North American (SIN/NAEEEV) strain of EEEV. (Roy et al., 2013)

e. Immunization Route

subcutaneous injection

f. Description

A chimeric Sindbis-based vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques against a lethal aerosol challenge of eastern equine encephalitis virus. (Roy et al., 2013)

g. Macaque Response

Vaccination Protocol: In the first study, animals were vaccinated with SIN/NAEEEV (n=6), SIN/SAEEEV (n=6), or PBS diluent (n=4). In the second study, cohorts were vaccinated with either SIN/NAEEEV (n=5) or PBS (n=2). All animals were vaccinated subcutaneously (SC) in the upper deltoid with a single inoculation of either saline or 5.0 log10 PFU of vaccine a volume of 100 μl. (Roy et al., 2013)
Immune Response: Five of 6 macaques (83%) vaccinated with SIN/NAEEEV in the first study developed of neutralizing antibodies (Abs), first detected on day 12 post vaccination. Neutralizing Abs remained at initial levels or decreased slightly in the majority of the animals by day 24 or 45 post vaccination. Antibody responses in vaccinated animals from the second experiment, assayed on day 66 after vaccination, were slightly lower on average. (Roy et al., 2013)
Challenge Protocol: On either day 45 (study 1) or 66 (study 2) after vaccination, anesthetized macaques were challenged with virulent EEEV strain FL93-939 aerosols using a 16 liter head-only dynamic inhalation exposure system. (Roy et al., 2013)
Efficacy: The SIN/NAEEEV vaccine provided highly significant (p=0.0023) protection from fatal disease (figure 1), with 9 of the 11 animals (82%) surviving for 21 days until the study was terminated. Animals receiving the SIN/SAEEEV were not significantly protected, with only one of the six (17%) surviving challenge. All (6/6) animals in the sham-vaccinated cohort died from encephalitis. Protected animals exhibited minimal changes in temperature and cardiovascular rhythm, whereas unprotected animals showed profound hyperthermia and changes in heart rate post-exposure. Acute inflammation and neuronal necrosis were consistent with EEEV-induced encephalitis in unprotected animals, whereas no encephalitis-related histopathologic changes were observed in the SIN/NAEEEV-vaccinated animals. (Roy et al., 2013)

2. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002266

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

3. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.27)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002268

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

4. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4867.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002269

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

5. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4867.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002270

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

6. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1475.00)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc., Colorado Serum Company, Merial, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002116

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

7. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.00)

a. Manufacturer:

Colorado Serum Company, Merial, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002263

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

8. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.01)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002264

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

9. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002265

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

10. Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.26)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002267

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

11. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002271

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

12. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.24)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002272

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

13. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.A0)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002273

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

14. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.A1)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002274

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

15. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002248

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

16. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002249

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

17. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.24)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002250

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

18. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.45)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002251

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

19. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.46)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002252

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

20. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13W5.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002115

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

21. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 46W5.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002238

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

22. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4844.30)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002253

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

23. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.22)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002258

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

24. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002259

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

25. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.24)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002260

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

26. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.32)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002261

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

27. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002254

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

28. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.24)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002255

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

29. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.32)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002256

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

30. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.33)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002257

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

31. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus, Killed Flavivirus Chimera Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4855.R2)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002262

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

32. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14W5.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002128

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

33. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002284

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

34. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.23)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002287

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

35. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14W5.22)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002127

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

36. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.21)

a. Manufacturer:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002285

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

37. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.22)

a. Manufacturer:

Wyeth

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002286

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

38. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus, Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 14W7.R0)

a. Manufacturer:

Merial, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002129

c. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

39. Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus, Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W9.R0)

a. Manufacturer:

Merial, Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002288

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Horse

IV. References

1. Ma et al., 2014: Ma J, Wang H, Zheng X, Xue X, Wang B, Wu H, Zhang K, Fan S, Wang T, Li N, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Yang S, Xia X. CpG/Poly (I:C) mixed adjuvant priming enhances the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice. International immunopharmacology. 2014; 19(1); 74-80. [PubMed: 24440303].

2. Wiki: Eastern Equine Encephalitis: Wiki: Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_equine_encephalitis_virus]