• Vaccine Name: VRP-SARS-N vaccine
• Target Pathogen: SARS-CoV
• Target Disease: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
• Type: Viral Like Particle Vaccine
• Status: Licensed
• Host Species for Licensed Use: None
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: mouse
• Antigen: CD4+ T cell epitope in the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV (N353) (Zhao et al., 2016)
• Immunization Route: intranasal immunization
• Description: Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicons (VRP) encoding a SARS-CoV CD4+ T cell epitope vaccinated intranasally. Does not have same efficacy if vaccinated subcutaneously (Zhao et al., 2016)
  Identical to VRP-SARS-N vaccine (Vaccine 5755).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: vaccinated BALB/c mice twice at 6–7 week intervals with VRP-SARS-N at 100 PFU (Zhao et al., 2016)
• Immune Response: Decreased viral titre, increase in N-specific CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ in lungs, production of IL-10, increased mobilization of CD8+ cells to infected lung. (Zhao et al., 2016)
• Challenge Protocol: challenged 6-7 weeks after second vaccination with doses from 100, 500, 1,000 PFU of SARS-CoV (Zhao et al., 2005)
• Efficacy: nearly complete protection at 100 pfu, protected at 500 and 1000 pfu doses (Zhao et al., 2016)
• Description: Better results compared to different vaccination routes (Zhao et al., 2016).