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Protein Cochleates |
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Vaxjo ID |
70 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Protein Cochleates |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0001309
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Description |
Protein cochleates act as both carriers and adjuvants, providing multivalent presentation of antigens to the immune system, with maintenance of native conformation and biological activity. Protection of antigens from degradation following oral delivery. Probable controlled or slow release properties (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Stage of Development |
Research |
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Components |
Protein cochleates are stable protein phospholipid-calcium. precipitates, which are distinct from liposomes. They have a unique structure consisting of a large, continuous, solid, lipid bilayer sheet rolled up in a spiral, with no internal aqueous space. The calcium maintains the cochleate in its rolled up form, bridging between successive layers. One of its positive charges interacts with a single negative charge on a phospholipid head group in one bilayer, and the other with a phospholipid in the opposing bilayer. Membrane proteins, or lipid-anchored peptides or proteins are tightly associated with the lipid bilayer (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Preparation |
Cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolarnine(egg or synthetic), and phosphatidylserine(bovine brain or synthetic) are obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. Antigens which have been utilized include glycoproteins isolated directly from enveloped viruses, or expressed as recombinants in tissue culture, as well as synthetic peptides covalently linked to phosphatidylethanolamine. A mixture of phospholipids from the envelope will also be included when glycoproteins, are isolated from viruses our method of detergent extraction (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Function |
Protein cochleates stimulate strong mucosal and systemic antibody, proliferative and cytotoxic responses to associated antigens. They also afford protection from degradation following oral delivery and probable slow release properties (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Safety |
The phospholipids used in the preparation of protein cochleates have been used in humans for vaccines and drug delivery with no significant negative side effects. Protein cochleates have been given to hundreds of mice by various routes including oral, intramuscular, and intranasal, with no negative local or systemic effects noted (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].
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