PMMA |
|
Vaxjo ID |
69 |
|
Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
PMMA |
|
Alternative Names |
Polymethyl methacrylate |
|
Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0001308
|
|
Description |
Primary adjuvant for all types of antigens (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
|
Stage of Development |
Research |
|
Components |
Polymethyl methacrylate; emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
|
Molecular Weight |
30-400 kD, depen |
|
Appearance |
White odorless powder; forms a white milky suspension in water. |
|
Storage |
Room temperature in solid powder form; between 2-8° C in aqueous suspension (pH range 2-11) (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
|
Dosage |
Adjuvant is to be added to aqueous antigens in concentrations of 0.05% to 1.0% (wt/wt). Optimal adjuvant concentration in most cases 0.5% (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
|
Function |
Good adsorbate for a large number of antigens, particularly hydrophobic antigens. Antigen may be absorbed to previously polymerized particles, or may be incorporated into the polymer particles by polymerization in the presence of the antigen. PMMA is slowly biodegradable (40%/yr in rats). PMMA enhances the temperature stability of an number of antigens (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
|
Safety |
Poly(methyl methacylate) has been used as an artificial bone material and bone cement in humans for over fifty years. Breakdown of these artificial bone materials leads to fragments with similar particle size to that of the adjuvant; no adverse reactions have been observed (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].
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