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Corynebacterium-derived P40 Vaccine Adjuvant |
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Vaxjo ID |
23 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Corynebacterium-derived P40 Vaccine Adjuvant |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0000146
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Description |
In animals, Corynebacterium granulosum displayed a wide spectrum of activities such as stimulation of the reticulo-endothelial system, enhancement of phagocytosis and activation of macrophages. P40 abolished drug-induced immune-suppression and increased non-specific resistance to bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections (Gupta et al., 1993). |
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Stage of Development |
Research |
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Components |
P40 is a particulate fraction isolated from Corynebacterium granulosum composed of the cell wall peptidoglycan associated with a glycoprotein (Gupta et al., 1993). |
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Preparation |
In a study, P40, a fraction of C. granulosum strain 5196 was prepared (Bizzini et al.,1978). C. granulosum bacteria were cultivated in fermentors in a nitrogen atmosphere at 37°C; the bacteria were then washed three times in saline before being heated at 60°C for 1 h and delipidated according to the method of Aebi (Aebi et al. 1953). The delipidated bacteria were disintegrated mechanically and removed from intact bacteria and large debris. The supernatant was subsequently fractionated with (NH4)2SO4, the fraction was precipitated at 40% saturation and dialyzed exhaustively with distilled water and the dialysate was lyophilized and designated as P40 fraction (Mastroeni et al., 1985). |
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Dosage |
Treatment of TBR consisted of a single intravenous injection of 200µg P40/rat, three days after tumor grafting (Mastroeni et al., 1985). |
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Function |
When used as an adjuvant it enhanced antibody synthesis. It substituted for mycobacteria in FCA for the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to a complex antigen or a simple chemical moiety. P40 induced the formation of IL-2, tumour necrosis factor and interferon alpha and gamma. It exhibited strong anti-tumour activity towards various liquid and solid grafted tumours. It proved to potentiate the efficacy of antibiotics, antiviral and anti-tumour drugs (Gupta et al., 1993). |
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Safety |
No toxic effects were observed in any of these studies. In clinical trials P40 was efficacious in the treatment of recurrent infections of the respiratory and genito-urinary tracts. Allergens coupled to P40 achieved desensitization of allergic patients without any side effects. P40 was also capable of restoring immune-competence in immune-compromised breast cancer patients (Gupta et al., 1993). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Gupta et al., 1993: Gupta RK, Relyveld EH, Lindblad EB, Bizzini B, Ben-Efraim S, Gupta CK. Adjuvants--a balance between toxicity and adjuvanticity. Vaccine. 1993; 11(3); 293-306. [PubMed: 8447157].
Mastroeni et al., 1985: Mastroeni P, Bizzini B, Bonina L, Iannello D, Merendino RA, Delfino D, Berlinghieri MC, Leonardi MS, Arena A, Liberto MC. The restoration of impaired macrophage functions using as immunomodulator the Corynebacterium granulosum-derived P40 fraction. Immunopharmacology. 1985; 10(1); 27-34. [PubMed: 2997082].
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